SSH 105 - CRITICAL THINKING: PROF KLAAS KRAY
What is the definition of critical thinking? - Answers -the systematic analysis/formulation
of arguments by rational standards
What is a statement/claim - Answers -an assertion
what is a proposition - Answers -the specific ideas expressed
is it possible for the different statements to express the same proposition and vice
versa? - Answers -yes
what is a premise? - Answers -a statement offered in support of a conclusion
what is a conclusion? - Answers -a statement held to be supported by more than 1
premise
What are arguments? - Answers -a group of statements in which some premises are
intended to support
what is an inference? - Answers -the process of reasoning from premise to premise;
conclusion based on premise
what are the two main elements of argument analysis? - Answers -reconstruction and
evaluation
what texts so not contain arguments? - Answers --descriptive texts
- opinions w/o reason
-"if-then" statements
- explanations by themselves
What is rhetorical power? - Answers -tenancy to convince and persuade
what is rational strength? - Answers -provides good reason to believe the conclusion
even if it is not persuasive.
how does the credulous man deal w/ arguments? - Answers -ready to believe
everything for truth
how does the person of contradiction deal w/ arguments? - Answers -ready to oppose
anything that is said
how does the dogmatist deal w/ arguments? - Answers -asserts his/her opinion
, how does the skeptic deal w/ arguments? - Answers -believes nothing, afraid to assert
to anything
What is the principle of proportional belief? - Answers -the stronger one's evidence, the
stronger the belief
what is fallibilism? - Answers -the view that a belief can be r/j/r even though it is false
define realism - Answers -objective - do not depend on anyone's beliefs
- depends on how the world actually is
define nihilism - Answers -no truths whatsoever in that subject area - no fact
define subjective relativism - Answers -truth depends on the individual
define social relativism - Answers -depends on the majority - what the society/culture
believes
what is the coherence model of truth? - Answers -a proposition is true if and only if is is
consistent/ coherent w/ a system of well supported propositions
what is the correspondence model of truth? - Answers -a proposition is true if and only
if it describes things as they actually are
what is a deductive argument? - Answers -provides logically conclusive support for the
conclusion
what is a well informed argument? - Answers -any argument whose conclusion follows
from its premises
- on if is valid/cognent
what is an ill formed argument? - Answers -if the argument id neither valid or cognent
what makes an argument cognent? - Answers -if and only if the argument is not valid,
but the premises of the argument are to be true and the conclusion is false
what makes an argument valid? - Answers -the truth of the premises guarantees the
conclusion
1) either A or B
2) - A
3) B - Answers -argument by elimination
1) A and B
2) A - Answers -simplification
What is the definition of critical thinking? - Answers -the systematic analysis/formulation
of arguments by rational standards
What is a statement/claim - Answers -an assertion
what is a proposition - Answers -the specific ideas expressed
is it possible for the different statements to express the same proposition and vice
versa? - Answers -yes
what is a premise? - Answers -a statement offered in support of a conclusion
what is a conclusion? - Answers -a statement held to be supported by more than 1
premise
What are arguments? - Answers -a group of statements in which some premises are
intended to support
what is an inference? - Answers -the process of reasoning from premise to premise;
conclusion based on premise
what are the two main elements of argument analysis? - Answers -reconstruction and
evaluation
what texts so not contain arguments? - Answers --descriptive texts
- opinions w/o reason
-"if-then" statements
- explanations by themselves
What is rhetorical power? - Answers -tenancy to convince and persuade
what is rational strength? - Answers -provides good reason to believe the conclusion
even if it is not persuasive.
how does the credulous man deal w/ arguments? - Answers -ready to believe
everything for truth
how does the person of contradiction deal w/ arguments? - Answers -ready to oppose
anything that is said
how does the dogmatist deal w/ arguments? - Answers -asserts his/her opinion
, how does the skeptic deal w/ arguments? - Answers -believes nothing, afraid to assert
to anything
What is the principle of proportional belief? - Answers -the stronger one's evidence, the
stronger the belief
what is fallibilism? - Answers -the view that a belief can be r/j/r even though it is false
define realism - Answers -objective - do not depend on anyone's beliefs
- depends on how the world actually is
define nihilism - Answers -no truths whatsoever in that subject area - no fact
define subjective relativism - Answers -truth depends on the individual
define social relativism - Answers -depends on the majority - what the society/culture
believes
what is the coherence model of truth? - Answers -a proposition is true if and only if is is
consistent/ coherent w/ a system of well supported propositions
what is the correspondence model of truth? - Answers -a proposition is true if and only
if it describes things as they actually are
what is a deductive argument? - Answers -provides logically conclusive support for the
conclusion
what is a well informed argument? - Answers -any argument whose conclusion follows
from its premises
- on if is valid/cognent
what is an ill formed argument? - Answers -if the argument id neither valid or cognent
what makes an argument cognent? - Answers -if and only if the argument is not valid,
but the premises of the argument are to be true and the conclusion is false
what makes an argument valid? - Answers -the truth of the premises guarantees the
conclusion
1) either A or B
2) - A
3) B - Answers -argument by elimination
1) A and B
2) A - Answers -simplification
