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BA 300 Final Questions and Answers
Latest 2026
What is the first step in the sound ethical decision-
making process?— Ans: Gather the facts
What does moral awareness involve?— Ans: Recognizing
a moral issue when peers consider it morally problematic
and when moral language is used.
What are cognitive biases in the context of ethical
decision-making?— Ans: Cognitive biases are mental
shortcuts that can lead to flawed reasoning, such as
overconfidence and confirmation bias.
What is the significance of organizational culture in
ethical decision-making?— Ans: Organizational culture
influences ethical behavior through formal and informal
systems, including norms and role models.
What are the three levels of moral development according
to the document?— Ans: Level 1: Rewards/punishments,
exchanges; Level 2: Shared norms, societal obligations;
Level 3: Principled, autonomous.
What is the role of group and organizational pressures in
ethical behavior?— Ans: They can create norms that
rationalize unethical behavior and pressure individuals to
conform.
© 2025 All rights reserved
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What does the term 'Desired Moral Approbation' refer
to?— Ans: The desire for moral approval from oneself or
others.
What are the types of Desired Moral Approbation (DMA)
identified in the study?— Ans: DMA from Others—Praise,
DMA from Others—Blame, DMA from the Self.
What is the importance of ethical judgment in the
decision-making process?— Ans: It involves evaluating
the ethical issues and making a reasoned decision based
on gathered facts.
What cognitive bias involves an illusion of control?—
Ans: Illusion of optimism and illusion of control are
cognitive biases that affect decision-making.
What should you consider about your character and
integrity in ethical decision-making?— Ans: You should
reflect on how your actions align with your values and
ethical standards.
What is the effect of diffusion of responsibility in
organizations?— Ans: It can lead individuals to feel less
accountable for unethical actions when part of a group.
What is the purpose of checking your gut in ethical
decision-making?— Ans: To assess your intuitive feelings
about the potential actions you are considering.
What does the term 'escalation of commitment' refer
to?— Ans: The tendency to continue investing in a failing
course of action due to prior commitments.
© 2025 All rights reserved
BA 300 Final Questions and Answers
Latest 2026
What is the first step in the sound ethical decision-
making process?— Ans: Gather the facts
What does moral awareness involve?— Ans: Recognizing
a moral issue when peers consider it morally problematic
and when moral language is used.
What are cognitive biases in the context of ethical
decision-making?— Ans: Cognitive biases are mental
shortcuts that can lead to flawed reasoning, such as
overconfidence and confirmation bias.
What is the significance of organizational culture in
ethical decision-making?— Ans: Organizational culture
influences ethical behavior through formal and informal
systems, including norms and role models.
What are the three levels of moral development according
to the document?— Ans: Level 1: Rewards/punishments,
exchanges; Level 2: Shared norms, societal obligations;
Level 3: Principled, autonomous.
What is the role of group and organizational pressures in
ethical behavior?— Ans: They can create norms that
rationalize unethical behavior and pressure individuals to
conform.
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
What does the term 'Desired Moral Approbation' refer
to?— Ans: The desire for moral approval from oneself or
others.
What are the types of Desired Moral Approbation (DMA)
identified in the study?— Ans: DMA from Others—Praise,
DMA from Others—Blame, DMA from the Self.
What is the importance of ethical judgment in the
decision-making process?— Ans: It involves evaluating
the ethical issues and making a reasoned decision based
on gathered facts.
What cognitive bias involves an illusion of control?—
Ans: Illusion of optimism and illusion of control are
cognitive biases that affect decision-making.
What should you consider about your character and
integrity in ethical decision-making?— Ans: You should
reflect on how your actions align with your values and
ethical standards.
What is the effect of diffusion of responsibility in
organizations?— Ans: It can lead individuals to feel less
accountable for unethical actions when part of a group.
What is the purpose of checking your gut in ethical
decision-making?— Ans: To assess your intuitive feelings
about the potential actions you are considering.
What does the term 'escalation of commitment' refer
to?— Ans: The tendency to continue investing in a failing
course of action due to prior commitments.
© 2025 All rights reserved
