NURS 5357 NEUROBIOLOGY 2026 TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Neurodevelopmental causes that could explain schizophrenia include excessive
amounts of all of the following except: - ✔✔Myelination
✔✔The NP's discuss a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia. The PMHNP knows that
which of the following groups of symptoms is most likely to be categorized as "negative
symptoms" of schizophrenia? - ✔✔Blunted affect, poor rapport, lack of spontaneity
✔✔There is a genetic contribution to some, perhaps all, forms of schizophrenia. In the
case of monozygotic twins who have identical genetic makeup, there is an
approximately 50 percent chance for them to develop schizophrenia. - ✔✔True
✔✔Princess, a 22-year-old female, presents with schizophrenia characterized by the
presence of positive, negative, cognitive, and affective symptoms. Which symptom
dimension of schizophrenia is most effectively treated with antipsychotics? - ✔✔Positive
symptoms
✔✔Which of the following models is the best explanation for the persistence of tardive
dyskinesia symptoms in most patients after withdrawal of antipsychotic medication? -
✔✔All of the other answers.
✔✔Treatment with dopamine 2 receptor antagonists/partial antagonists with
antipsychotics may cause secondary negative symptoms through their actions on which
of the following pathways? - ✔✔Mesolimbic/mesostriatal and mesocortical pathways
✔✔What part of the brain would be involved in the outcome of deciding to think
something over before acting on it? - ✔✔Frontal lobe
✔✔The limbic system is associated with which of the following: - ✔✔Survival instinct
✔✔Broca's area and Wernicke's area are associated with which of the following: -
✔✔Language production and comprehension of speech
✔✔What makes axon communication faster between the spine and the neurons in the
feet? - ✔✔Myelin sheath
✔✔If you are stressed out by this exam, the hormone response will likely be which of
the following: - ✔✔Cortisol
✔✔You hear a buzzing insect sound and immediately start swatting your hands around.
What brain structure is likely involved in your fear? - ✔✔Amygdala
, ✔✔Which of the following terms best describes the study of DNA that is modified by
environmental events and the genetic changes that are transmitted to offspring? -
✔✔Epigenetics
✔✔Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia? - ✔✔Inappropriate
affect
✔✔Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia? - ✔✔Social
withdrawal
✔✔Patients with schizophrenia who tend to have the poorest outcomes are those with: -
✔✔Negative symptoms
✔✔Communication between human CNS neurons at synapses is: - ✔✔Chemical
✔✔The direct role of transcription factors is to: - ✔✔Influence gene expression
✔✔Which of the following is the most likely impetus for upregulation of D2 receptors on
a striatal dopamine neuron? - ✔✔A D2 antagonist persistently binds to the receptor
✔✔What are the molecular mechanisms of epigenetics? - ✔✔Molecular gates are
closed by deacetylation and/or methylation of histones, preventing access of
transcription factors to genes, thus silencing them. Molecular gates are opened by
deacetylation and/or methylation of histones, allowing transcription factors access to
genes, thus activating them.
✔✔N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are activated by: - ✔✔Glutamate, glycine,
and depolarization
✔✔Neurogenesis occurs in adults: - ✔✔In the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and in
the olfactory bulb
✔✔A 24-year-old woman is hospitalized after an altercation in which she screamed at
and attacked her neighbor when he knocked on her door. Her mother reports that she
has been increasingly erratic recently, with emotional outbursts and impulsive behavior.
Which of the following brain regions is most likely associated with these symptoms? -
✔✔Orbital frontal cortex
✔✔A major current hypothesis for the cause of schizophrenia proposes that N-methyl-d-
aspartate (NMDA) receptors may be: - ✔✔Hypofunctional
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Neurodevelopmental causes that could explain schizophrenia include excessive
amounts of all of the following except: - ✔✔Myelination
✔✔The NP's discuss a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia. The PMHNP knows that
which of the following groups of symptoms is most likely to be categorized as "negative
symptoms" of schizophrenia? - ✔✔Blunted affect, poor rapport, lack of spontaneity
✔✔There is a genetic contribution to some, perhaps all, forms of schizophrenia. In the
case of monozygotic twins who have identical genetic makeup, there is an
approximately 50 percent chance for them to develop schizophrenia. - ✔✔True
✔✔Princess, a 22-year-old female, presents with schizophrenia characterized by the
presence of positive, negative, cognitive, and affective symptoms. Which symptom
dimension of schizophrenia is most effectively treated with antipsychotics? - ✔✔Positive
symptoms
✔✔Which of the following models is the best explanation for the persistence of tardive
dyskinesia symptoms in most patients after withdrawal of antipsychotic medication? -
✔✔All of the other answers.
✔✔Treatment with dopamine 2 receptor antagonists/partial antagonists with
antipsychotics may cause secondary negative symptoms through their actions on which
of the following pathways? - ✔✔Mesolimbic/mesostriatal and mesocortical pathways
✔✔What part of the brain would be involved in the outcome of deciding to think
something over before acting on it? - ✔✔Frontal lobe
✔✔The limbic system is associated with which of the following: - ✔✔Survival instinct
✔✔Broca's area and Wernicke's area are associated with which of the following: -
✔✔Language production and comprehension of speech
✔✔What makes axon communication faster between the spine and the neurons in the
feet? - ✔✔Myelin sheath
✔✔If you are stressed out by this exam, the hormone response will likely be which of
the following: - ✔✔Cortisol
✔✔You hear a buzzing insect sound and immediately start swatting your hands around.
What brain structure is likely involved in your fear? - ✔✔Amygdala
, ✔✔Which of the following terms best describes the study of DNA that is modified by
environmental events and the genetic changes that are transmitted to offspring? -
✔✔Epigenetics
✔✔Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia? - ✔✔Inappropriate
affect
✔✔Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia? - ✔✔Social
withdrawal
✔✔Patients with schizophrenia who tend to have the poorest outcomes are those with: -
✔✔Negative symptoms
✔✔Communication between human CNS neurons at synapses is: - ✔✔Chemical
✔✔The direct role of transcription factors is to: - ✔✔Influence gene expression
✔✔Which of the following is the most likely impetus for upregulation of D2 receptors on
a striatal dopamine neuron? - ✔✔A D2 antagonist persistently binds to the receptor
✔✔What are the molecular mechanisms of epigenetics? - ✔✔Molecular gates are
closed by deacetylation and/or methylation of histones, preventing access of
transcription factors to genes, thus silencing them. Molecular gates are opened by
deacetylation and/or methylation of histones, allowing transcription factors access to
genes, thus activating them.
✔✔N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are activated by: - ✔✔Glutamate, glycine,
and depolarization
✔✔Neurogenesis occurs in adults: - ✔✔In the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and in
the olfactory bulb
✔✔A 24-year-old woman is hospitalized after an altercation in which she screamed at
and attacked her neighbor when he knocked on her door. Her mother reports that she
has been increasingly erratic recently, with emotional outbursts and impulsive behavior.
Which of the following brain regions is most likely associated with these symptoms? -
✔✔Orbital frontal cortex
✔✔A major current hypothesis for the cause of schizophrenia proposes that N-methyl-d-
aspartate (NMDA) receptors may be: - ✔✔Hypofunctional
