NURS 535 ACTUAL 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What is the leading group of causes for pediatric CHF? - ✔✔Congenital heart
defects
✔✔What are common left-to-right shunts that can lead to CHF? - ✔✔Ventricular Septal
Defect (VSD)
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
✔✔What are some obstructive lesions that can cause CHF? - ✔✔Coarctation of the
Aorta (CoA)
Aortic Stenosis (AS)
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)
✔✔What types of cardiomyopathies are associated with CHF? - ✔✔Dilated
hypertrophic
restrictive cardiomyopathies
✔✔Name two acquired heart diseases that can lead to CHF. - ✔✔Myocarditis and
Kawasaki disease
✔✔What metabolic or systemic conditions can contribute to CHF? - ✔✔Anemia
hypothyroidism
renal disease
thiamine deficiency
✔✔What are some toxins that can lead to CHF? - ✔✔Chemotherapy drugs, alcohol,
and drugs taken in utero
✔✔What are early clinical signs of CHF in infants? - ✔✔Poor feeding
fatigue while feeding
sweating during feeding
tachypnea
tachycardia
hepatomegaly
poor weight gain
pallor
mild cyanosis
✔✔What symptoms of CHF are observed in older children? - ✔✔Exercise intolerance
shortness of breath with activity
edema
ascites
,palpitations
arrhythmias
✔✔What physical exam clue indicates a Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)? -
✔✔Bounding pulses
✔✔What does weak pulse quality indicate in a physical exam? - ✔✔Obstructive lesions
or low output
✔✔What diagnostic tool is key for identifying underlying structural lesions in CHF? -
✔✔Echocardiogram
✔✔What is the role of diuretics in CHF management? - ✔✔To reduce preload and
relieve pulmonary congestion
✔✔What is the most common diuretic used for CHF? - ✔✔Furosemide
✔✔What medication improves myocardial contractility in CHF? - ✔✔Digoxin
✔✔What should be monitored closely when administering Digoxin? - ✔✔Heart rate and
signs of toxicity such as vomiting and bradycardia
✔✔What nutritional strategies support infants with CHF? - ✔✔Frequent, small, high-
calorie feedings and monitoring weight daily
✔✔What is an important consideration when using oxygen therapy in CHF? -
✔✔Caution in ductal-dependent lesions as it may affect pulmonary blood flow
✔✔What is the purpose of monitoring growth and clinical status in CHF patients? -
✔✔To track weight gain
oxygen saturation trends
respiratory rate for signs of worsening CHF
✔✔What is the significance of family history in assessing pediatric cardiovascular
disorders? - ✔✔It helps identify congenital heart disease and arrhythmias in the family
✔✔What should be included in the history taking for pediatric cardiac assessment? -
✔✔Prenatal history
birth history
family history of cardiac issues
✔✔What is the purpose of pulse oximetry screening in newborns? - ✔✔To detect
ductal-dependent lesions by comparing pre- and post-ductal saturations
, ✔✔What are the signs of CHF in infants? - ✔✔Hepatomegaly
edema
tachypnea
crackles
✔✔What is the role of beta-blockers in CHF management? - ✔✔Used less commonly in
infants for chronic CHF or cardiomyopathy
✔✔What should be done if an infant's heart rate is below the safe threshold when
administering Digoxin? - ✔✔Hold the dose if HR is less than 90-110 bpm, depending on
age
✔✔What is a critical safety concern when treating infants with CHF? - ✔✔Digoxin
toxicity
✔✔Why is early referral to pediatric cardiology essential in CHF cases? - ✔✔For
persistent or severe CHF to ensure appropriate management and intervention
✔✔What is the primary purpose of pediatric cardiology for CHF patients? - ✔✔Essential
for all CHF patients to monitor and manage their condition.
✔✔What is the role of echocardiography (Echo) in pediatric cardiology? - ✔✔To monitor
ventricular function, chamber size, and shunt progression.
✔✔What factors influence the adjustment of medical therapy in pediatric cardiology? -
✔✔Symptoms, growth, and cardiac function.
✔✔When is surgical intervention considered for CHF patients? - ✔✔If CHF persists or
the lesion is severe.
✔✔What are the mainstay therapies for CHF in pediatric patients? - ✔✔Digoxin and
diuretics, which require careful monitoring.
✔✔Why is nutritional support critical in pediatric CHF? - ✔✔CHF increases metabolic
demand, necessitating adequate nutrition.
✔✔What early signs of CHF should be recognized for timely intervention? - ✔✔Feeding
difficulty
poor weight gain
tachypnea
edema.
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What is the leading group of causes for pediatric CHF? - ✔✔Congenital heart
defects
✔✔What are common left-to-right shunts that can lead to CHF? - ✔✔Ventricular Septal
Defect (VSD)
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
✔✔What are some obstructive lesions that can cause CHF? - ✔✔Coarctation of the
Aorta (CoA)
Aortic Stenosis (AS)
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)
✔✔What types of cardiomyopathies are associated with CHF? - ✔✔Dilated
hypertrophic
restrictive cardiomyopathies
✔✔Name two acquired heart diseases that can lead to CHF. - ✔✔Myocarditis and
Kawasaki disease
✔✔What metabolic or systemic conditions can contribute to CHF? - ✔✔Anemia
hypothyroidism
renal disease
thiamine deficiency
✔✔What are some toxins that can lead to CHF? - ✔✔Chemotherapy drugs, alcohol,
and drugs taken in utero
✔✔What are early clinical signs of CHF in infants? - ✔✔Poor feeding
fatigue while feeding
sweating during feeding
tachypnea
tachycardia
hepatomegaly
poor weight gain
pallor
mild cyanosis
✔✔What symptoms of CHF are observed in older children? - ✔✔Exercise intolerance
shortness of breath with activity
edema
ascites
,palpitations
arrhythmias
✔✔What physical exam clue indicates a Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)? -
✔✔Bounding pulses
✔✔What does weak pulse quality indicate in a physical exam? - ✔✔Obstructive lesions
or low output
✔✔What diagnostic tool is key for identifying underlying structural lesions in CHF? -
✔✔Echocardiogram
✔✔What is the role of diuretics in CHF management? - ✔✔To reduce preload and
relieve pulmonary congestion
✔✔What is the most common diuretic used for CHF? - ✔✔Furosemide
✔✔What medication improves myocardial contractility in CHF? - ✔✔Digoxin
✔✔What should be monitored closely when administering Digoxin? - ✔✔Heart rate and
signs of toxicity such as vomiting and bradycardia
✔✔What nutritional strategies support infants with CHF? - ✔✔Frequent, small, high-
calorie feedings and monitoring weight daily
✔✔What is an important consideration when using oxygen therapy in CHF? -
✔✔Caution in ductal-dependent lesions as it may affect pulmonary blood flow
✔✔What is the purpose of monitoring growth and clinical status in CHF patients? -
✔✔To track weight gain
oxygen saturation trends
respiratory rate for signs of worsening CHF
✔✔What is the significance of family history in assessing pediatric cardiovascular
disorders? - ✔✔It helps identify congenital heart disease and arrhythmias in the family
✔✔What should be included in the history taking for pediatric cardiac assessment? -
✔✔Prenatal history
birth history
family history of cardiac issues
✔✔What is the purpose of pulse oximetry screening in newborns? - ✔✔To detect
ductal-dependent lesions by comparing pre- and post-ductal saturations
, ✔✔What are the signs of CHF in infants? - ✔✔Hepatomegaly
edema
tachypnea
crackles
✔✔What is the role of beta-blockers in CHF management? - ✔✔Used less commonly in
infants for chronic CHF or cardiomyopathy
✔✔What should be done if an infant's heart rate is below the safe threshold when
administering Digoxin? - ✔✔Hold the dose if HR is less than 90-110 bpm, depending on
age
✔✔What is a critical safety concern when treating infants with CHF? - ✔✔Digoxin
toxicity
✔✔Why is early referral to pediatric cardiology essential in CHF cases? - ✔✔For
persistent or severe CHF to ensure appropriate management and intervention
✔✔What is the primary purpose of pediatric cardiology for CHF patients? - ✔✔Essential
for all CHF patients to monitor and manage their condition.
✔✔What is the role of echocardiography (Echo) in pediatric cardiology? - ✔✔To monitor
ventricular function, chamber size, and shunt progression.
✔✔What factors influence the adjustment of medical therapy in pediatric cardiology? -
✔✔Symptoms, growth, and cardiac function.
✔✔When is surgical intervention considered for CHF patients? - ✔✔If CHF persists or
the lesion is severe.
✔✔What are the mainstay therapies for CHF in pediatric patients? - ✔✔Digoxin and
diuretics, which require careful monitoring.
✔✔Why is nutritional support critical in pediatric CHF? - ✔✔CHF increases metabolic
demand, necessitating adequate nutrition.
✔✔What early signs of CHF should be recognized for timely intervention? - ✔✔Feeding
difficulty
poor weight gain
tachypnea
edema.
