g
lOMoAR cPSD|
g 12263423
Test bank- g
Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Pri
g g g g gg g g
mary Care 6th Edition Dains-100% Top scores-2023-2024
g g g g g gg
Chapterg1:gClinicalgreasoning,gdifferentialgdiagnosis,gevidence-basedgpractice,gandgsymptomgana
MultiplegChoice
Identifygthegchoicegthatgbestgcompletesgthegstatementgorganswersgthegquestion.
1. Whichgtypegofgclinicalgdecision-makinggisgmostgreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Whichgofgthegfollowinggisgfalse?gTogobtaingadequateghistory,ghealth-caregprovidersgmustgbe:
A. Methodicalgandgsystematic
B. Attentivegtogthegpatient’sgverbalgandgnonverbalglanguag
e
C. Ablegtogaccuratelyginterpretgthegpatient’sgresponses
D. Adeptgatgreadinggintogthegpatient’sgstatements
3. Essentialgpartsgofgaghealthghistorygincludegallgofgthegfollowinggexcept:
A. Chiefgcomplaint
B. Historygofgthegpresentgillness
C. Currentgvitalgsigns
D. Allgofgthegabovegaregessentialghistorygcomponen
ts
4. Whichgofgthegfollowinggisgfalse?gWhilegperforminggthegphysicalgexamination,gthegexaminergmustgbegablegto:
A. Differentiategbetweengnormalgandgabnormalgfindings
B. Recallgknowledgegofgagrangegofgconditionsgandgtheirgassociatedgsignsgandgsympto
ms
C. Recognizeghowgcertaingconditionsgaffectgthegresponsegtogothergconditions
D. Foreseegunpredictablegfindings
5. Thegfollowinggisgthegleastgreliablegsourcegofginformationgforgdiagnosticgstatistics:
A. Evidence-basedginvestigations
B. Primarygreportsgofgresearch
C. Estimationgbasedgongagprovider’sgexperienc
e
D. Publishedg meta-analyses
6. Thegfollowinggcangbegusedgtogassistgingsoundgclinicalgdecision-making:
A. Algorithmgpublishedgingagpeer-
reviewedgjournalgarticle
B. Clinicalgpracticegguidelines
C. Evidence-basedg research
D. Allgofgthegabove
7. Ifgagdiagnosticgstudyghasghighgsensitivity,gthisgindicatesga:
A. Highgpercentagegofgpersonsgwithgtheggivengconditiongwillghavegangabnormalgre
sult
B. Lowgpercentagegofgpersonsgwithgtheggivengconditiongwillghavegangabnormalgres
ult
C. Lowglikelihoodgofgnormalgresultgingpersonsgwithoutgaggivengcondition
D. Nonegofgthegabove
8. Ifgagdiagnosticgstudyghasghighgspecificity,gthisgindicatesga:
A. Lowgpercentagegofghealthygindividualsgwillgshowgagnormalgresult
B. Highgpercentagegofghealthygindividualsgwillgshowgagnormalgresult
C. Highgpercentagegofgindividualsgwithgagdisordergwillgshowgagnormalgresult
D. Lowgpercentagegofgindividualsgwithgagdisordergwillgshowgangabnormalgres
ult
9. Aglikelihoodgratiogaboveg1gindicatesgthatgagdiagnosticgtestgshowingga:
A. Positivegresultgisgstronglygassociatedgwithgthegdisease
B. Negativegresultgisgstronglygassociatedgwithgabsencegofgthegdisea
se
C. Positivegresultgisgweaklygassociatedgwithgthegdisease
D. Negativegresultgisgweaklygassociatedgwithgabsencegofgthegdiseas
e
10. Whichgofgthegfollowinggclinicalgreasoninggtoolsgisgdefinedgasgevidence-
,basedgresourcegbasedgongmathematicalgmodelinggtogexpressggtheglikelihoodgofgagconditiongingselectgsituations,gsettings,gand/o
lOMoAR cPSD|
g
rgpatients?
12263423
, g
lOMoAR cPSD|
g 12263423
A. Clinicalgpracticegguideline
B. Clinicalgdecisiongrule
C. Clinicalgalgorithm
Chapterg1:gClinicalgreasoning,gdifferentialgdiagnosis,gevidence-basedgpractice,gandgsymptomgana
AnswergSection
MULTIPLEgCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerryg(2009)gdescribesgtwogmajorgtypesgofgclinicalgdiagnosticgdecision-
making:gintuitivegandganalytical.gIntuitivegdecision-gmakingg(similargtogAugenblinkgdecision-
making)gisgbasedgongthegexperiencegandgintuitiongofgthegcliniciangandgisglessgreliablegandgpairedgwithgfairlygcommongerrors.
gIngcontrast,ganalyticalgdecision-makinggisgbasedgongcarefulgconsiderationgandghasggreatergreliabilitygwithgraregerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
Togobtaingadequateghistory,gprovidersgmustgbegwellgorganized,gattentivegtogthegpatient’sgverbalgandgnonverbalglanguage,gand
gablegtogaccuratelyginterpretgthegpatient’sgresponsesgtogquestions.gRathergthangreadinggintogthegpatient’sgstatements,gtheygcla
rifyganygareasgofguncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vitalgsignsgaregpartgofgthegphysicalgexaminationgportiongofgpatientgassessment,gnotgpartgofgtheghealthghistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
Whilegperforminggthegphysicalgexamination,gthegexaminergmustgbegablegtogdifferentiategbetweengnormalgandgabnormalgfindin
gs,grecallgknowledgegofgagrangegofgconditions,gincludinggtheirgassociatedgsignsgandgsymptoms,grecognizeghowgcertaingconditi
onsgaffectgthegresponsegtogothergconditions,gandgdistinguishgthegrelevancegofgvariedgabnormalgfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sourcesgforgdiagnosticgstatisticsgincludegtextbooks,gprimarygreportsgofgresearch,gandgpublishedgmeta-
analyses.gAnothergsourcegofgstatistics,gthegonegthatghasgbeengmostgwidelygusedgandgavailablegforgapplicationgtogthegreasoning
gprocess,gisgthegestimationgbasedgongagprovider’sgexperience,galthoughgthesegaregrarelygaccurate.gOvergthegpastgdecade,gthega
vailabilitygofgevidencegongwhichgtogbasegclinicalgreasoninggisgimproving,gandgtheregisgangincreasinggexpectationgthatgclinical
greasoninggbegbasedgongscientificgevidence.
Evidence-basedgstatisticsgaregalsogincreasinglygbeinggusedgtogdevelopgresourcesgtogfacilitategclinicalgdecision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
Togassistgingclinicalgdecision-making,gagnumbergofgevidence-
basedgresourcesghavegbeengdevelopedgtogassistgthegclinician.gResources,gsuchgasgalgorithmsgandgclinicalgpracticegguidelines,
gassistgingclinicalgreasoninggwhengproperlygapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
Thegsensitivitygofgagdiagnosticgstudygisgthegpercentagegofgindividualsgwithgthegtargetgconditiongwhogshowgangabnormal,gorgpo
sitive,gresult.gAghighgsensitivitygindicatesgthatgaggreatergpercentagegofgpersonsgwithgtheggivengconditiongwillghavegangabnorm
algresult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
Thegspecificitygofgagdiagnosticgstudygisgthegpercentagegofgnormal,ghealthygindividualsgwhoghavegagnormalgresult.gTheggreate
rgthegspecificity,gtheggreatergthegpercentagegofgindividualsgwhogwillghavegnegative,gorgnormal,gresultsgifgtheygdognotghavegt
hegtargetgcondition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
Theglikelihoodgratiogisgthegprobabilitygthatgagpositivegtestgresultgwillgbegassociatedgwithgagpersongwhoghasgthegtargetgconditio
ngandgagnegativegresultgwillgbegassociatedgwithgaghealthygperson.gAglikelihoodgratiogaboveg1gindicatesgthatgagpositivegresultgi
sg associatedgwithgthegdisease;gaglikelihoodgratioglessgthang1gindicatesgthatgagnegativegresultgisgassociatedgwithgangabsencegofg
thegdisease.
, g
lOMoAR cPSD|
g 12263423
PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinicalgdecisiong(orgprediction)grulesgprovideganothergsupportgforgclinicalgreasoning.gClinicalgdecisiongrulesgaregevidence-
basedgresourcesgthatgprovidegprobabilisticgstatementsgregardinggtheglikelihoodgthatgagconditiongexistsgifgcertaingvariablesgare
gmetgwithgregardgtogthegprognosisgofgpatientsgwithgspecificgfindings.gDecisiongrulesgusegmathematicalgmodelsgandgaregspeci
ficgtogcertaingsituations,gsettings,gand/orgpatientgcharacteristics.
PTS: 1
lOMoAR cPSD|
g 12263423
Test bank- g
Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Pri
g g g g gg g g
mary Care 6th Edition Dains-100% Top scores-2023-2024
g g g g g gg
Chapterg1:gClinicalgreasoning,gdifferentialgdiagnosis,gevidence-basedgpractice,gandgsymptomgana
MultiplegChoice
Identifygthegchoicegthatgbestgcompletesgthegstatementgorganswersgthegquestion.
1. Whichgtypegofgclinicalgdecision-makinggisgmostgreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Whichgofgthegfollowinggisgfalse?gTogobtaingadequateghistory,ghealth-caregprovidersgmustgbe:
A. Methodicalgandgsystematic
B. Attentivegtogthegpatient’sgverbalgandgnonverbalglanguag
e
C. Ablegtogaccuratelyginterpretgthegpatient’sgresponses
D. Adeptgatgreadinggintogthegpatient’sgstatements
3. Essentialgpartsgofgaghealthghistorygincludegallgofgthegfollowinggexcept:
A. Chiefgcomplaint
B. Historygofgthegpresentgillness
C. Currentgvitalgsigns
D. Allgofgthegabovegaregessentialghistorygcomponen
ts
4. Whichgofgthegfollowinggisgfalse?gWhilegperforminggthegphysicalgexamination,gthegexaminergmustgbegablegto:
A. Differentiategbetweengnormalgandgabnormalgfindings
B. Recallgknowledgegofgagrangegofgconditionsgandgtheirgassociatedgsignsgandgsympto
ms
C. Recognizeghowgcertaingconditionsgaffectgthegresponsegtogothergconditions
D. Foreseegunpredictablegfindings
5. Thegfollowinggisgthegleastgreliablegsourcegofginformationgforgdiagnosticgstatistics:
A. Evidence-basedginvestigations
B. Primarygreportsgofgresearch
C. Estimationgbasedgongagprovider’sgexperienc
e
D. Publishedg meta-analyses
6. Thegfollowinggcangbegusedgtogassistgingsoundgclinicalgdecision-making:
A. Algorithmgpublishedgingagpeer-
reviewedgjournalgarticle
B. Clinicalgpracticegguidelines
C. Evidence-basedg research
D. Allgofgthegabove
7. Ifgagdiagnosticgstudyghasghighgsensitivity,gthisgindicatesga:
A. Highgpercentagegofgpersonsgwithgtheggivengconditiongwillghavegangabnormalgre
sult
B. Lowgpercentagegofgpersonsgwithgtheggivengconditiongwillghavegangabnormalgres
ult
C. Lowglikelihoodgofgnormalgresultgingpersonsgwithoutgaggivengcondition
D. Nonegofgthegabove
8. Ifgagdiagnosticgstudyghasghighgspecificity,gthisgindicatesga:
A. Lowgpercentagegofghealthygindividualsgwillgshowgagnormalgresult
B. Highgpercentagegofghealthygindividualsgwillgshowgagnormalgresult
C. Highgpercentagegofgindividualsgwithgagdisordergwillgshowgagnormalgresult
D. Lowgpercentagegofgindividualsgwithgagdisordergwillgshowgangabnormalgres
ult
9. Aglikelihoodgratiogaboveg1gindicatesgthatgagdiagnosticgtestgshowingga:
A. Positivegresultgisgstronglygassociatedgwithgthegdisease
B. Negativegresultgisgstronglygassociatedgwithgabsencegofgthegdisea
se
C. Positivegresultgisgweaklygassociatedgwithgthegdisease
D. Negativegresultgisgweaklygassociatedgwithgabsencegofgthegdiseas
e
10. Whichgofgthegfollowinggclinicalgreasoninggtoolsgisgdefinedgasgevidence-
,basedgresourcegbasedgongmathematicalgmodelinggtogexpressggtheglikelihoodgofgagconditiongingselectgsituations,gsettings,gand/o
lOMoAR cPSD|
g
rgpatients?
12263423
, g
lOMoAR cPSD|
g 12263423
A. Clinicalgpracticegguideline
B. Clinicalgdecisiongrule
C. Clinicalgalgorithm
Chapterg1:gClinicalgreasoning,gdifferentialgdiagnosis,gevidence-basedgpractice,gandgsymptomgana
AnswergSection
MULTIPLEgCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerryg(2009)gdescribesgtwogmajorgtypesgofgclinicalgdiagnosticgdecision-
making:gintuitivegandganalytical.gIntuitivegdecision-gmakingg(similargtogAugenblinkgdecision-
making)gisgbasedgongthegexperiencegandgintuitiongofgthegcliniciangandgisglessgreliablegandgpairedgwithgfairlygcommongerrors.
gIngcontrast,ganalyticalgdecision-makinggisgbasedgongcarefulgconsiderationgandghasggreatergreliabilitygwithgraregerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
Togobtaingadequateghistory,gprovidersgmustgbegwellgorganized,gattentivegtogthegpatient’sgverbalgandgnonverbalglanguage,gand
gablegtogaccuratelyginterpretgthegpatient’sgresponsesgtogquestions.gRathergthangreadinggintogthegpatient’sgstatements,gtheygcla
rifyganygareasgofguncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vitalgsignsgaregpartgofgthegphysicalgexaminationgportiongofgpatientgassessment,gnotgpartgofgtheghealthghistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
Whilegperforminggthegphysicalgexamination,gthegexaminergmustgbegablegtogdifferentiategbetweengnormalgandgabnormalgfindin
gs,grecallgknowledgegofgagrangegofgconditions,gincludinggtheirgassociatedgsignsgandgsymptoms,grecognizeghowgcertaingconditi
onsgaffectgthegresponsegtogothergconditions,gandgdistinguishgthegrelevancegofgvariedgabnormalgfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sourcesgforgdiagnosticgstatisticsgincludegtextbooks,gprimarygreportsgofgresearch,gandgpublishedgmeta-
analyses.gAnothergsourcegofgstatistics,gthegonegthatghasgbeengmostgwidelygusedgandgavailablegforgapplicationgtogthegreasoning
gprocess,gisgthegestimationgbasedgongagprovider’sgexperience,galthoughgthesegaregrarelygaccurate.gOvergthegpastgdecade,gthega
vailabilitygofgevidencegongwhichgtogbasegclinicalgreasoninggisgimproving,gandgtheregisgangincreasinggexpectationgthatgclinical
greasoninggbegbasedgongscientificgevidence.
Evidence-basedgstatisticsgaregalsogincreasinglygbeinggusedgtogdevelopgresourcesgtogfacilitategclinicalgdecision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
Togassistgingclinicalgdecision-making,gagnumbergofgevidence-
basedgresourcesghavegbeengdevelopedgtogassistgthegclinician.gResources,gsuchgasgalgorithmsgandgclinicalgpracticegguidelines,
gassistgingclinicalgreasoninggwhengproperlygapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
Thegsensitivitygofgagdiagnosticgstudygisgthegpercentagegofgindividualsgwithgthegtargetgconditiongwhogshowgangabnormal,gorgpo
sitive,gresult.gAghighgsensitivitygindicatesgthatgaggreatergpercentagegofgpersonsgwithgtheggivengconditiongwillghavegangabnorm
algresult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
Thegspecificitygofgagdiagnosticgstudygisgthegpercentagegofgnormal,ghealthygindividualsgwhoghavegagnormalgresult.gTheggreate
rgthegspecificity,gtheggreatergthegpercentagegofgindividualsgwhogwillghavegnegative,gorgnormal,gresultsgifgtheygdognotghavegt
hegtargetgcondition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
Theglikelihoodgratiogisgthegprobabilitygthatgagpositivegtestgresultgwillgbegassociatedgwithgagpersongwhoghasgthegtargetgconditio
ngandgagnegativegresultgwillgbegassociatedgwithgaghealthygperson.gAglikelihoodgratiogaboveg1gindicatesgthatgagpositivegresultgi
sg associatedgwithgthegdisease;gaglikelihoodgratioglessgthang1gindicatesgthatgagnegativegresultgisgassociatedgwithgangabsencegofg
thegdisease.
, g
lOMoAR cPSD|
g 12263423
PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinicalgdecisiong(orgprediction)grulesgprovideganothergsupportgforgclinicalgreasoning.gClinicalgdecisiongrulesgaregevidence-
basedgresourcesgthatgprovidegprobabilisticgstatementsgregardinggtheglikelihoodgthatgagconditiongexistsgifgcertaingvariablesgare
gmetgwithgregardgtogthegprognosisgofgpatientsgwithgspecificgfindings.gDecisiongrulesgusegmathematicalgmodelsgandgaregspeci
ficgtogcertaingsituations,gsettings,gand/orgpatientgcharacteristics.
PTS: 1
