2025/2026 Exam All Answers and
Illustrations Given
Most important indicator that a patient has a severe illness? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Tachypnea
3 respiratory types, and their criteria - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Hypoxemic (PaO2
<50-60)
Hypercapnic (PaCO2 >50, pH <7.36)
Mixed
Delta gap (formula, when and why it's used) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Difference in
AG from normal - Difference in HCO3 from normal
, In AG metabolic acidosis it's used. It tells you if there's underlying
metabolic alkalosis or respiratory acidosis with bicarb compensation IN
ADDITION to the AG metabolic acidosis. Both of those would result in a
high bicarb to begin with, and a smaller change in bicarb from normal.
Winter's formula (equation, what it measures) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1.5[HCO3]
+ 8 +/- 2
If compensation is adequate in acid/base issues
How AG changes with albumin changes - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Decreases 2.5-3
for every 1 decrease in albumin
Hemodynamic changes after intubation - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Hypo/hypertension
Arrhythmia
Tachycardia
Pressure support equation for BiPAP - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔IPAP - EPAP
3 types of vent cycles - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Volume (preset tidal volume,
relieves WOB the most)