WGU C190 Introduction to Biology OA EXAM
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. Biology - ANSWER the scientific study of life
2. Characteristics of Life - ANSWER 1. Be made of materials organized in a
hierarchical pattern.
Use energy and raw materials to survive
Sense and respond to changing environments and maintain internal stability,
or homeostasis.
Grow, develop, and reproduce.
Be part of a population that evolves.
3. The Cell - ANSWER the smallest unit that displays all characteristics of life
4. Matter - ANSWER Any substance that has mass and takes up space. All
matter can be classified as biotic or abiotic.
5. Biotic - ANSWER Living or having lived
6. Abiotic - ANSWER nonliving and never have been alive
7. Atom - ANSWER Basic unit of matter
,8. Molecule - ANSWER a chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms
held together by a chemical bond
9. Macromolecules - ANSWER Technically polymers, made by combining
smaller units called monomers. (Example -Deoxyrbonucleic Acid [DNA])
10.Phagocytosis - ANSWER process in which extensions of cytoplasm
surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell
11.Pinocytosis - ANSWER process by which a cell takes in liquid from the
surrounding environment
12.Exocytosis - ANSWER a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are
released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell
membrane.
13.Endocytosis - ANSWER process by which a cell takes material into the cell
by infolding of the cell membrane
14.Osmosis - ANSWER diffusion of water across a selectively permeable
membrane
15.light-dependent reactions - ANSWER "Step 1 of Photosynthesis"
chlorophyll and other pigments on the thylakoids membranes use absorbed
protons from light to break water and excite one of the water's electrons.
16.NADPH - ANSWER a type of molecule called an electron career- is adapted
to move an electron from one reaction to another
,17.Calvin Cycle - ANSWER "Step 2 of Photosynthesis"(light-independent
reactions) occurs in the storm of chloroplast. The plant uses the energy from
ATP and the electron from NADPH to build sugars out of CO2.
18.Phosphorylation - ANSWER The energy used to build ATP from ADP and a
phosphate group (Pi)
19.cellular respiration - ANSWER process in which energy that is stored in the
food that we eat is concurred to the body's molecule, ATP
20.cell cycle - ANSWER series of events that cells go through as they grow and
divide
21.Interphase - ANSWER period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
22.parent cell - ANSWER original cell before cell division
23.Mitosis - ANSWER cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei
containing the same number of chromosomes
24.Cytokinesis - ANSWER Division of the cytoplasm during cell division
25.daughter cell - ANSWER a cell formed by the division or budding of
another cell
26.Histone - ANSWER protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in
chromatin
, 27.Chromosome Condensation - ANSWER Folding up of the chromosomes
prevents transcription
28.Centromere - ANSWER Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are
attached
29.Diploid - ANSWER containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one
from each parent.
30.Homologous - ANSWER Chromosomes that have the same sequence of
genes and the same structure
31.Allele - ANSWER An alternative form of a gene.
32.Haploid - ANSWER An organism or cell having only one complete set of
chromosomes.
33.Centromere - ANSWER Region of a chromosome where the two sister
chromatids attach
34.somatic cell - ANSWER Any of the cells of a plant or animal except the
reproductive cells.
35.Meiosis - ANSWER Cell division that produces reproductive cells in
sexually reproducing organisms
36.germ cell - ANSWER a reproductive cell
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. Biology - ANSWER the scientific study of life
2. Characteristics of Life - ANSWER 1. Be made of materials organized in a
hierarchical pattern.
Use energy and raw materials to survive
Sense and respond to changing environments and maintain internal stability,
or homeostasis.
Grow, develop, and reproduce.
Be part of a population that evolves.
3. The Cell - ANSWER the smallest unit that displays all characteristics of life
4. Matter - ANSWER Any substance that has mass and takes up space. All
matter can be classified as biotic or abiotic.
5. Biotic - ANSWER Living or having lived
6. Abiotic - ANSWER nonliving and never have been alive
7. Atom - ANSWER Basic unit of matter
,8. Molecule - ANSWER a chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms
held together by a chemical bond
9. Macromolecules - ANSWER Technically polymers, made by combining
smaller units called monomers. (Example -Deoxyrbonucleic Acid [DNA])
10.Phagocytosis - ANSWER process in which extensions of cytoplasm
surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell
11.Pinocytosis - ANSWER process by which a cell takes in liquid from the
surrounding environment
12.Exocytosis - ANSWER a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are
released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell
membrane.
13.Endocytosis - ANSWER process by which a cell takes material into the cell
by infolding of the cell membrane
14.Osmosis - ANSWER diffusion of water across a selectively permeable
membrane
15.light-dependent reactions - ANSWER "Step 1 of Photosynthesis"
chlorophyll and other pigments on the thylakoids membranes use absorbed
protons from light to break water and excite one of the water's electrons.
16.NADPH - ANSWER a type of molecule called an electron career- is adapted
to move an electron from one reaction to another
,17.Calvin Cycle - ANSWER "Step 2 of Photosynthesis"(light-independent
reactions) occurs in the storm of chloroplast. The plant uses the energy from
ATP and the electron from NADPH to build sugars out of CO2.
18.Phosphorylation - ANSWER The energy used to build ATP from ADP and a
phosphate group (Pi)
19.cellular respiration - ANSWER process in which energy that is stored in the
food that we eat is concurred to the body's molecule, ATP
20.cell cycle - ANSWER series of events that cells go through as they grow and
divide
21.Interphase - ANSWER period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
22.parent cell - ANSWER original cell before cell division
23.Mitosis - ANSWER cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei
containing the same number of chromosomes
24.Cytokinesis - ANSWER Division of the cytoplasm during cell division
25.daughter cell - ANSWER a cell formed by the division or budding of
another cell
26.Histone - ANSWER protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in
chromatin
, 27.Chromosome Condensation - ANSWER Folding up of the chromosomes
prevents transcription
28.Centromere - ANSWER Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are
attached
29.Diploid - ANSWER containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one
from each parent.
30.Homologous - ANSWER Chromosomes that have the same sequence of
genes and the same structure
31.Allele - ANSWER An alternative form of a gene.
32.Haploid - ANSWER An organism or cell having only one complete set of
chromosomes.
33.Centromere - ANSWER Region of a chromosome where the two sister
chromatids attach
34.somatic cell - ANSWER Any of the cells of a plant or animal except the
reproductive cells.
35.Meiosis - ANSWER Cell division that produces reproductive cells in
sexually reproducing organisms
36.germ cell - ANSWER a reproductive cell
