NR507-NP Midterm Exam Questions With Correct
Answers, With Verified Solutions Grade A+.
1. Which of the following is the most appropriate first-line treatment for uncomplicated
urinary tract infection (UTI) in a non-pregnant adult female?
A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Amoxicillin
C. Nitrofurantoin
D. Vancomycin
Answer: C. Nitrofurantoin
2. A 55-year-old male presents with chronic cough and dyspnea on exertion. Pulmonary
function tests reveal a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio. Which condition is most likely?
A. Restrictive lung disease
B. Obstructive lung disease
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Pneumonia
Answer: B. Obstructive lung disease
3. What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in the management of
hypertension?
A. Inhibit beta-adrenergic receptors
B. Block calcium channels
C. Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
D. Increase renal sodium reabsorption
Answer: C. Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
4. A patient presents with jaundice, dark urine, and elevated ALT and AST. Which of
the following is the most likely cause?
A. Heart failure
B. Hepatitis
C. Chronic kidney disease
D. Pancreatitis
Answer: B. Hepatitis
5. Which of the following vaccines is recommended annually for all adults?
A. MMR
B. Influenza
C. Tdap
D. Varicella
Answer: B. Influenza
6. A 40-year-old female presents with fatigue, weight gain, and constipation. Lab results
reveal elevated TSH and low free T4. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
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,C. Cushing’s syndrome
D. Addison’s disease
Answer: B. Hypothyroidism
7. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial test for evaluating suspected
diabetes mellitus?
A. Fasting plasma glucose
B. Serum creatinine
C. Hemoglobin A1c
D. Oral glucose tolerance test
Answer: A. Fasting plasma glucose
8. A patient with asthma is prescribed a short-acting beta-agonist inhaler. What is the
primary action of this medication?
A. Decrease inflammation in the airways
B. Relax bronchial smooth muscle
C. Reduce mucus production
D. Prevent long-term airway remodeling
Answer: B. Relax bronchial smooth muscle
9. Which laboratory value is most indicative of iron-deficiency anemia?
A. Elevated MCV
B. Low ferritin
C. High vitamin B12
D. Elevated reticulocyte count
Answer: B. Low ferritin
10. A 65-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes is found to have microalbuminuria on
routine screening. Which medication class is indicated to slow the progression of
diabetic nephropathy?
A. Beta-blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Loop diuretics
Answer: B. ACE inhibitors
11. Which of the following is the preferred imaging study for evaluating suspected
appendicitis in adults?
A. Abdominal X-ray
B. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis
C. Ultrasound
D. MRI
Answer: B. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis
12. A 28-year-old female presents with dysuria, frequency, and urgency. Urinalysis
shows positive nitrites and leukocyte esterase. What is the most likely causative
organism?
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, A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. Escherichia coli
C. Streptococcus pyogenes
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Answer: B. Escherichia coli
13. Which of the following medications is contraindicated in pregnancy due to
teratogenicity?
A. Acetaminophen
B. Lisinopril
C. Ondansetron
D. Insulin
Answer: B. Lisinopril
14. A patient presents with chest pain radiating to the left arm, diaphoresis, and
shortness of breath. Which biomarker is most sensitive for diagnosing myocardial
infarction?
A. CK-MB
B. Troponin I
C. Myoglobin
D. BNP
Answer: B. Troponin I
15. What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for type 2 diabetes?
A. Metformin
B. Insulin
C. Sulfonylureas
D. GLP-1 agonists
Answer: A. Metformin
16. Which of the following is a common side effect of beta-blockers?
A. Tachycardia
B. Hypotension
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Diarrhea
Answer: B. Hypotension
17. A patient presents with severe headache, fever, and neck stiffness. What is the most
appropriate next step?
A. Start oral antibiotics immediately
B. Perform lumbar puncture
C. Order CT scan of the brain before lumbar puncture
D. Prescribe acetaminophen and send home
Answer: C. Order CT scan of the brain before lumbar puncture
18. Which of the following is the preferred initial test for suspected deep vein
thrombosis (DVT)?
A. MRI
B. D-dimer
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Answers, With Verified Solutions Grade A+.
1. Which of the following is the most appropriate first-line treatment for uncomplicated
urinary tract infection (UTI) in a non-pregnant adult female?
A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Amoxicillin
C. Nitrofurantoin
D. Vancomycin
Answer: C. Nitrofurantoin
2. A 55-year-old male presents with chronic cough and dyspnea on exertion. Pulmonary
function tests reveal a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio. Which condition is most likely?
A. Restrictive lung disease
B. Obstructive lung disease
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Pneumonia
Answer: B. Obstructive lung disease
3. What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in the management of
hypertension?
A. Inhibit beta-adrenergic receptors
B. Block calcium channels
C. Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
D. Increase renal sodium reabsorption
Answer: C. Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
4. A patient presents with jaundice, dark urine, and elevated ALT and AST. Which of
the following is the most likely cause?
A. Heart failure
B. Hepatitis
C. Chronic kidney disease
D. Pancreatitis
Answer: B. Hepatitis
5. Which of the following vaccines is recommended annually for all adults?
A. MMR
B. Influenza
C. Tdap
D. Varicella
Answer: B. Influenza
6. A 40-year-old female presents with fatigue, weight gain, and constipation. Lab results
reveal elevated TSH and low free T4. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
1|Page
,C. Cushing’s syndrome
D. Addison’s disease
Answer: B. Hypothyroidism
7. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial test for evaluating suspected
diabetes mellitus?
A. Fasting plasma glucose
B. Serum creatinine
C. Hemoglobin A1c
D. Oral glucose tolerance test
Answer: A. Fasting plasma glucose
8. A patient with asthma is prescribed a short-acting beta-agonist inhaler. What is the
primary action of this medication?
A. Decrease inflammation in the airways
B. Relax bronchial smooth muscle
C. Reduce mucus production
D. Prevent long-term airway remodeling
Answer: B. Relax bronchial smooth muscle
9. Which laboratory value is most indicative of iron-deficiency anemia?
A. Elevated MCV
B. Low ferritin
C. High vitamin B12
D. Elevated reticulocyte count
Answer: B. Low ferritin
10. A 65-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes is found to have microalbuminuria on
routine screening. Which medication class is indicated to slow the progression of
diabetic nephropathy?
A. Beta-blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Loop diuretics
Answer: B. ACE inhibitors
11. Which of the following is the preferred imaging study for evaluating suspected
appendicitis in adults?
A. Abdominal X-ray
B. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis
C. Ultrasound
D. MRI
Answer: B. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis
12. A 28-year-old female presents with dysuria, frequency, and urgency. Urinalysis
shows positive nitrites and leukocyte esterase. What is the most likely causative
organism?
2|Page
, A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. Escherichia coli
C. Streptococcus pyogenes
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Answer: B. Escherichia coli
13. Which of the following medications is contraindicated in pregnancy due to
teratogenicity?
A. Acetaminophen
B. Lisinopril
C. Ondansetron
D. Insulin
Answer: B. Lisinopril
14. A patient presents with chest pain radiating to the left arm, diaphoresis, and
shortness of breath. Which biomarker is most sensitive for diagnosing myocardial
infarction?
A. CK-MB
B. Troponin I
C. Myoglobin
D. BNP
Answer: B. Troponin I
15. What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for type 2 diabetes?
A. Metformin
B. Insulin
C. Sulfonylureas
D. GLP-1 agonists
Answer: A. Metformin
16. Which of the following is a common side effect of beta-blockers?
A. Tachycardia
B. Hypotension
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Diarrhea
Answer: B. Hypotension
17. A patient presents with severe headache, fever, and neck stiffness. What is the most
appropriate next step?
A. Start oral antibiotics immediately
B. Perform lumbar puncture
C. Order CT scan of the brain before lumbar puncture
D. Prescribe acetaminophen and send home
Answer: C. Order CT scan of the brain before lumbar puncture
18. Which of the following is the preferred initial test for suspected deep vein
thrombosis (DVT)?
A. MRI
B. D-dimer
3|Page
