BIOLOGY 100 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What is DNA made up of? - ✔✔nucleotides
✔✔What are the organelles found in an animal cell? - ✔✔nucleus, nuclear membrane,
cytoplasm, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, lysosome, Golgi
body, ribosome
✔✔What is the boundary of an animal cell called? - ✔✔cell membrane
✔✔What is the main function of the nucleus? - ✔✔Its main function is to regulate gene
expression; it also controls cellular growth and replication.
✔✔What is the main function of ribosomes? - ✔✔making proteins
✔✔What is the main function of the cytoskeleton? - ✔✔provides structural support
✔✔What are found in plant cells and not animal cells? - ✔✔chloroplasts, central
vacuoles, and cell walls
✔✔What is the purpose of the plasma membrane? - ✔✔It regulates what enters and
exits the cell.
✔✔Are the fatty-acid tails of a phospholipid hydrophilic or hydrophobic? -
✔✔hydrophobic
✔✔What part of the plasma membrane helps keep it fluid? - ✔✔cholesterol
✔✔What needs to be present for something to move passively through a cell
membrane? - ✔✔concentration gradient
✔✔What is the difference between passive and active transport? - ✔✔passive transport
does not require energy while active energy does. In the case of active transport, the
molecules move against the concentration gradient from low to high concentration.
✔✔What is entropy? - ✔✔the measure of "disorder" in a system
(everything is constantly getting more and more disordered)
✔✔What is an example of potential energy? Kinetic Energy? - ✔✔An example of
potential energy is a gun about to go off or a rock at the top of a hill. Kinetic energy
would be those objects in motion, such as a gun shooting or a rock rolling down a hill.
, ✔✔What is the First Law of Thermodynamics? - ✔✔the Law of Conservation of Energy,
states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system.
✔✔What is the energy currency of cells called? - ✔✔ATP
✔✔What type of organic molecule makes up enzymes? - ✔✔Enzymes are organic
molecular proteins composed of amino acids
✔✔What are the four bases in DNA? - ✔✔A, T, G, and C
(Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine)
✔✔What is an estimate number of the genes in the human genome? - ✔✔20,000-
25,000
✔✔What is being separated during anaphase of mitosis? - ✔✔sister chromatids
✔✔If a cell contains 30 chromosomes, how many chromatids will be present during
prophase? - ✔✔60
(the chromosomes have doubled to get ready to split into two cells)
✔✔What is the difference between animal cell division and plant cell division? - ✔✔in
plant cytokinesis, a new cell wall is fashioned between the new daughter cells, while in
animal cells the cell membrane constricts to pinch the parent cell into daughter cells.
✔✔What is binary fission? - ✔✔After replicating its genetic material, the cell divides into
two nearly equal sized daughter cells. The genetic material is also equally split. (it is the
most common form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes and some single celled
eukaryotes)
✔✔How many chromosomes are in a human gamete? - ✔✔23
✔✔What are the products of meiosis? How are they different than the products of
mitosis? - ✔✔meosis produces 4 unique haploid daughter cells, while mitosis produces
2 identical diploid daughter cells.
✔✔What steps in meiosis contribute to genetic diversity? - ✔✔crossing over, random
chromatid assortment, and fertilization
✔✔What is an autosome? - ✔✔any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (in
humans, our first 22 chromosomes are autosomes)
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What is DNA made up of? - ✔✔nucleotides
✔✔What are the organelles found in an animal cell? - ✔✔nucleus, nuclear membrane,
cytoplasm, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, lysosome, Golgi
body, ribosome
✔✔What is the boundary of an animal cell called? - ✔✔cell membrane
✔✔What is the main function of the nucleus? - ✔✔Its main function is to regulate gene
expression; it also controls cellular growth and replication.
✔✔What is the main function of ribosomes? - ✔✔making proteins
✔✔What is the main function of the cytoskeleton? - ✔✔provides structural support
✔✔What are found in plant cells and not animal cells? - ✔✔chloroplasts, central
vacuoles, and cell walls
✔✔What is the purpose of the plasma membrane? - ✔✔It regulates what enters and
exits the cell.
✔✔Are the fatty-acid tails of a phospholipid hydrophilic or hydrophobic? -
✔✔hydrophobic
✔✔What part of the plasma membrane helps keep it fluid? - ✔✔cholesterol
✔✔What needs to be present for something to move passively through a cell
membrane? - ✔✔concentration gradient
✔✔What is the difference between passive and active transport? - ✔✔passive transport
does not require energy while active energy does. In the case of active transport, the
molecules move against the concentration gradient from low to high concentration.
✔✔What is entropy? - ✔✔the measure of "disorder" in a system
(everything is constantly getting more and more disordered)
✔✔What is an example of potential energy? Kinetic Energy? - ✔✔An example of
potential energy is a gun about to go off or a rock at the top of a hill. Kinetic energy
would be those objects in motion, such as a gun shooting or a rock rolling down a hill.
, ✔✔What is the First Law of Thermodynamics? - ✔✔the Law of Conservation of Energy,
states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system.
✔✔What is the energy currency of cells called? - ✔✔ATP
✔✔What type of organic molecule makes up enzymes? - ✔✔Enzymes are organic
molecular proteins composed of amino acids
✔✔What are the four bases in DNA? - ✔✔A, T, G, and C
(Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine)
✔✔What is an estimate number of the genes in the human genome? - ✔✔20,000-
25,000
✔✔What is being separated during anaphase of mitosis? - ✔✔sister chromatids
✔✔If a cell contains 30 chromosomes, how many chromatids will be present during
prophase? - ✔✔60
(the chromosomes have doubled to get ready to split into two cells)
✔✔What is the difference between animal cell division and plant cell division? - ✔✔in
plant cytokinesis, a new cell wall is fashioned between the new daughter cells, while in
animal cells the cell membrane constricts to pinch the parent cell into daughter cells.
✔✔What is binary fission? - ✔✔After replicating its genetic material, the cell divides into
two nearly equal sized daughter cells. The genetic material is also equally split. (it is the
most common form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes and some single celled
eukaryotes)
✔✔How many chromosomes are in a human gamete? - ✔✔23
✔✔What are the products of meiosis? How are they different than the products of
mitosis? - ✔✔meosis produces 4 unique haploid daughter cells, while mitosis produces
2 identical diploid daughter cells.
✔✔What steps in meiosis contribute to genetic diversity? - ✔✔crossing over, random
chromatid assortment, and fertilization
✔✔What is an autosome? - ✔✔any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (in
humans, our first 22 chromosomes are autosomes)
