BIO 100 LATEST 2026 CORE EXAM TEST QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - ✔✔carries genetic instructions for development
(blueprint for your body)
✔✔Enzyme - ✔✔a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction
✔✔Hydrolysis - ✔✔water molecules break one or more chemical bonds
✔✔Lipid - ✔✔group of organic compounds
✔✔Monomer - ✔✔building block
✔✔Nucleic acid - ✔✔large and crucial in all cells
✔✔Nucleotide - ✔✔building block of DNA
✔✔Peptide bond - ✔✔covalent bond that links two amino acids
✔✔Phospholipid - ✔✔lipid molecule with hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
✔✔Polymer - ✔✔large molecule that has many repeating structural units
✔✔Polypeptide - ✔✔chain of amino acids linked by a peptide bond
✔✔Protein - ✔✔vital molecule in living things
✔✔Saturated fatty acid - ✔✔fat where hydrocarbon chain has no double bonds between
its carbon atoms
✔✔Trans fat - ✔✔carbon chain fully bonded with hydrogen atoms
✔✔Unsaturated fatty acid - ✔✔contains one or more carbon double bonds
✔✔Chlorophyll - ✔✔Green pigment captures energy from light that drives
photosynthesis.
✔✔Desmosome - ✔✔Links between adjacent epithelial cells.
✔✔Endomembrane system - ✔✔Groups of membranes and organelles that work
together to modify lipids and proteins.
, ✔✔Eukaryotic cell - ✔✔Cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus.
✔✔Gap junction - ✔✔Channel between 2 animal cells.
✔✔Plasmodesma - ✔✔Adjacent passes between 2 plant cells.
✔✔Prokaryotic cell - ✔✔A unicellular organism that does not have a nucleus.
✔✔Tight junction - ✔✔Watertight seals between animal cells that prevent materials from
leaking between cells.
✔✔Active transport - ✔✔Way of transporting material that needs energy.
✔✔Carrier protein - ✔✔Are specific to a single substance.
✔✔Channel protein - ✔✔Protein that lets things pass through its hollow core across the
plasma membrane.
✔✔Concentration gradient - ✔✔Place of high concentration next to an area with low
concentration.
✔✔Diffusion - ✔✔A passive process of low-molecular-weight substances driven by its
concentration gradient.
✔✔Endocytosis - ✔✔Transport that moves fluid and particles into a cell.
✔✔Exocytosis - ✔✔The process of taking out bulk materials.
✔✔Facilitated transport - ✔✔Material moves down from high to low by integral
membrane proteins.
✔✔Hypertonic - ✔✔Extracellular fluid contains higher osmolality, causing water to leave
the cell.
✔✔Hypotonic - ✔✔Fluid has lower osmolarity which makes water move into a cell.
✔✔Isotonic - ✔✔Same level of osmolarity so water is balanced.
✔✔Osmosis - ✔✔Transportation of water.
✔✔Passive transport - ✔✔Transporting material, does not use energy.
✔✔Pinocytosis - ✔✔Imports macromolecules.
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - ✔✔carries genetic instructions for development
(blueprint for your body)
✔✔Enzyme - ✔✔a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction
✔✔Hydrolysis - ✔✔water molecules break one or more chemical bonds
✔✔Lipid - ✔✔group of organic compounds
✔✔Monomer - ✔✔building block
✔✔Nucleic acid - ✔✔large and crucial in all cells
✔✔Nucleotide - ✔✔building block of DNA
✔✔Peptide bond - ✔✔covalent bond that links two amino acids
✔✔Phospholipid - ✔✔lipid molecule with hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
✔✔Polymer - ✔✔large molecule that has many repeating structural units
✔✔Polypeptide - ✔✔chain of amino acids linked by a peptide bond
✔✔Protein - ✔✔vital molecule in living things
✔✔Saturated fatty acid - ✔✔fat where hydrocarbon chain has no double bonds between
its carbon atoms
✔✔Trans fat - ✔✔carbon chain fully bonded with hydrogen atoms
✔✔Unsaturated fatty acid - ✔✔contains one or more carbon double bonds
✔✔Chlorophyll - ✔✔Green pigment captures energy from light that drives
photosynthesis.
✔✔Desmosome - ✔✔Links between adjacent epithelial cells.
✔✔Endomembrane system - ✔✔Groups of membranes and organelles that work
together to modify lipids and proteins.
, ✔✔Eukaryotic cell - ✔✔Cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus.
✔✔Gap junction - ✔✔Channel between 2 animal cells.
✔✔Plasmodesma - ✔✔Adjacent passes between 2 plant cells.
✔✔Prokaryotic cell - ✔✔A unicellular organism that does not have a nucleus.
✔✔Tight junction - ✔✔Watertight seals between animal cells that prevent materials from
leaking between cells.
✔✔Active transport - ✔✔Way of transporting material that needs energy.
✔✔Carrier protein - ✔✔Are specific to a single substance.
✔✔Channel protein - ✔✔Protein that lets things pass through its hollow core across the
plasma membrane.
✔✔Concentration gradient - ✔✔Place of high concentration next to an area with low
concentration.
✔✔Diffusion - ✔✔A passive process of low-molecular-weight substances driven by its
concentration gradient.
✔✔Endocytosis - ✔✔Transport that moves fluid and particles into a cell.
✔✔Exocytosis - ✔✔The process of taking out bulk materials.
✔✔Facilitated transport - ✔✔Material moves down from high to low by integral
membrane proteins.
✔✔Hypertonic - ✔✔Extracellular fluid contains higher osmolality, causing water to leave
the cell.
✔✔Hypotonic - ✔✔Fluid has lower osmolarity which makes water move into a cell.
✔✔Isotonic - ✔✔Same level of osmolarity so water is balanced.
✔✔Osmosis - ✔✔Transportation of water.
✔✔Passive transport - ✔✔Transporting material, does not use energy.
✔✔Pinocytosis - ✔✔Imports macromolecules.
