MIC 102 MIDTERM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Eukaryote characteristics (3) - Answers --nuclear membrane
-gametes->zygotes
-diploid=genetic exchange of crossing over
Prokaryote characteristics (3) - Answers --no nuclear membrane
-asexual
-haploid (no meiosis or mitosis)
Molecular clock - Answers --individual variation of macromolecular sequences
-random occurrence of selectively neutral changes
Why do we use SSRNA or 16rRNA for molecular clock ? - Answers --some regions
evolve slowly enabling comparisons of distantly related organisms
-some regions evolve rapidly enabling comparisons of closely related organisms
Do mutations arise at random? - Answers --occur infrequently sometimes mutant
arieses later in generations (high variance)
mitochondria devleoped from?
Choloplasts developed from? - Answers --proteobacteria
-cyanobacterium
Process of binary fission - Answers -1. Replication of the circular DNA molecule inside
the cell.
2. Replicated DNA move to either poles of the cell.
3. The cell lengthens.
4. The equatorial plate of the cell constricts and separates the plasma membrane so
each new cell has exactly the same genetic material.
aerobe - Answers --growth in air
-no growth without oxygen
-cannot ferment
anaerobe - Answers --no growth in air
-growth without oxygen
-killed by oxygen, ferments in absence of O2
faculative - Answers --yes growth in air
-yes grows without O2
-respires with O2, ferments or uses anaeorbic respiration in absence of O2
indifferent - Answers --yes grows in air
-yes grows without O2
, -ferments in presence or absence of O2
HGT - Answers -common characteristics but not related
VGT - Answers -passed from one generation to the next
Neo-Lamarakism - Answers -some mutations rise independently of selection
Mitochondria derived from - Answers -proteobacteria
cholorplast derived from - Answers -cyanobacteria
teichoic acid - Answers -anchor cell wall to membrane
Muerin - Answers -makes up the cell wall in both neg and pos bacteria
LPS (2) - Answers --forms the outer leaf of the membrane of neg bacteria
-is an endotoxin
MreB - Answers -required to form rod shapes (bacilli)
what is the order for a flagella? - Answers -basal body----hook----filament
Brightfield microscope - Answers -view pigmented or stained cells at a high contrast
contrast - Answers -view non pigmented/ living cells
fluorescent microscope - Answers -view cells/structures with flurochone
External characteristics of a prokaryotic cell (4) - Answers --flagella
-pili
-s-layer
-glycocalyx: Capsule, slime layer
Internal characteristcs of a prokaryotic cell (5) - Answers --cytoplasstm
-cytoskeleton
-ribosomes
-inclusions
-nucleoid/chromosome
envelope characteristics of a prokaryotic cell - Answers --LPS
-lipo protein
-cell wall
-cell membrane
Eukaryote characteristics (3) - Answers --nuclear membrane
-gametes->zygotes
-diploid=genetic exchange of crossing over
Prokaryote characteristics (3) - Answers --no nuclear membrane
-asexual
-haploid (no meiosis or mitosis)
Molecular clock - Answers --individual variation of macromolecular sequences
-random occurrence of selectively neutral changes
Why do we use SSRNA or 16rRNA for molecular clock ? - Answers --some regions
evolve slowly enabling comparisons of distantly related organisms
-some regions evolve rapidly enabling comparisons of closely related organisms
Do mutations arise at random? - Answers --occur infrequently sometimes mutant
arieses later in generations (high variance)
mitochondria devleoped from?
Choloplasts developed from? - Answers --proteobacteria
-cyanobacterium
Process of binary fission - Answers -1. Replication of the circular DNA molecule inside
the cell.
2. Replicated DNA move to either poles of the cell.
3. The cell lengthens.
4. The equatorial plate of the cell constricts and separates the plasma membrane so
each new cell has exactly the same genetic material.
aerobe - Answers --growth in air
-no growth without oxygen
-cannot ferment
anaerobe - Answers --no growth in air
-growth without oxygen
-killed by oxygen, ferments in absence of O2
faculative - Answers --yes growth in air
-yes grows without O2
-respires with O2, ferments or uses anaeorbic respiration in absence of O2
indifferent - Answers --yes grows in air
-yes grows without O2
, -ferments in presence or absence of O2
HGT - Answers -common characteristics but not related
VGT - Answers -passed from one generation to the next
Neo-Lamarakism - Answers -some mutations rise independently of selection
Mitochondria derived from - Answers -proteobacteria
cholorplast derived from - Answers -cyanobacteria
teichoic acid - Answers -anchor cell wall to membrane
Muerin - Answers -makes up the cell wall in both neg and pos bacteria
LPS (2) - Answers --forms the outer leaf of the membrane of neg bacteria
-is an endotoxin
MreB - Answers -required to form rod shapes (bacilli)
what is the order for a flagella? - Answers -basal body----hook----filament
Brightfield microscope - Answers -view pigmented or stained cells at a high contrast
contrast - Answers -view non pigmented/ living cells
fluorescent microscope - Answers -view cells/structures with flurochone
External characteristics of a prokaryotic cell (4) - Answers --flagella
-pili
-s-layer
-glycocalyx: Capsule, slime layer
Internal characteristcs of a prokaryotic cell (5) - Answers --cytoplasstm
-cytoskeleton
-ribosomes
-inclusions
-nucleoid/chromosome
envelope characteristics of a prokaryotic cell - Answers --LPS
-lipo protein
-cell wall
-cell membrane
