CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and
Treatment 2026
65th Edition
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
1) Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion —
Hepatitis C screening
Stem: A 29-year-old asymptomatic man presents for his first
adult preventive visit. He has no history of injection drug use,
blood transfusion, or liver disease. Which screening test should
you order today?
A. No testing unless risk factors develop.
B. Serum anti-HCV antibody with reflex HCV RNA if positive.
,C. Hepatitis C RNA (PCR) only if liver enzymes elevated.
D. Hepatitis A and B serologies only; HCV testing deferred.
Correct answer: B
Rationale — Correct (B): CMDT’s prevention chapter endorses
USPSTF/CDC practice: universal one-time screening for HCV in
adults (18–79) using anti-HCV antibody with confirmatory HCV
RNA for positives. This approach identifies asymptomatic
chronic infections that benefit from curative antiviral therapy.
USPSTF
Rationale — Incorrect:
A. Deferring testing misses asymptomatic chronic HCV; current
guidance favors one-time universal screening.
C. RNA alone is unnecessary as initial test sensitivity/cost favor
antibody screen with reflex RNA.
D. Hep A/B serologies are useful by history, but do not replace
recommended HCV screening.
Teaching point: One-time anti-HCV antibody screening (ages
18–79) with reflex RNA for positives.
Citation: Papadakis, M. A., McPhee, S. J., & Rabow, M. W.
(2026). Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment (65th ed.). Ch.
1.
2) Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Lung
cancer screening eligibility
,Stem: A 62-year-old man with a 25 pack-year smoking history
quit 10 years ago. He asks whether he should undergo lung
cancer screening. Which is the best next step?
A. Offer annual low-dose CT—eligible for screening.
B. No screening—quit >5 years ago excludes him.
C. Offer chest radiograph annually instead of CT.
D. Screen only if he develops hemoptysis or unexplained weight
loss.
Correct answer: A
Rationale — Correct (A): CMDT aligns with USPSTF: adults aged
50–80 with ≥20 pack-years who currently smoke or quit within
past 15 years qualify for annual low-dose CT screening; he quit
10 years ago and meets criteria. Screening reduces lung-cancer
mortality when combined with robust shared decision-making.
USPSTF
Rationale — Incorrect:
B. The 15-year quit cutoff still includes him (quit 10 years ago).
C. Chest radiograph is not effective for screening lung cancer
and is not recommended.
D. Waiting for symptoms defeats the purpose—screening
targets asymptomatic high-risk individuals.
Teaching point: Annual low-dose CT for high-risk adults (50–80,
≥20 pack-years, quit ≤15 years).
Citation: Papadakis, M. A., McPhee, S. J., & Rabow, M. W.
(2026). Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment (65th ed.). Ch.
1.
, 3) Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Breast
cancer screening (average risk)
Stem: A 42-year-old woman with no family history of breast
cancer asks when to begin routine screening mammography.
What is the best recommendation?
A. Start annual mammograms immediately (age-based
screening starts at 45).
B. Begin biennial mammography now (routine screening age
40–74).
C. No screening until age 50 unless symptoms occur.
D. Start with annual MRI rather than mammography because of
age.
Correct answer: B
Rationale — Correct (B): CMDT summarizes USPSTF updated
guidance: average-risk screening mammography every other
year starting at age 40 through 74; decisions may be
individualized but biennial screening beginning at 40 is
guideline-concordant. MRI is reserved for high-risk patients.
USPSTF
Rationale — Incorrect:
A. Annual (vs biennial) may be considered but the standard
USPSTF recommendation is biennial starting at 40.
C. Delaying to 50 ignores the updated recommendation that
supports starting at 40.
Treatment 2026
65th Edition
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
1) Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion —
Hepatitis C screening
Stem: A 29-year-old asymptomatic man presents for his first
adult preventive visit. He has no history of injection drug use,
blood transfusion, or liver disease. Which screening test should
you order today?
A. No testing unless risk factors develop.
B. Serum anti-HCV antibody with reflex HCV RNA if positive.
,C. Hepatitis C RNA (PCR) only if liver enzymes elevated.
D. Hepatitis A and B serologies only; HCV testing deferred.
Correct answer: B
Rationale — Correct (B): CMDT’s prevention chapter endorses
USPSTF/CDC practice: universal one-time screening for HCV in
adults (18–79) using anti-HCV antibody with confirmatory HCV
RNA for positives. This approach identifies asymptomatic
chronic infections that benefit from curative antiviral therapy.
USPSTF
Rationale — Incorrect:
A. Deferring testing misses asymptomatic chronic HCV; current
guidance favors one-time universal screening.
C. RNA alone is unnecessary as initial test sensitivity/cost favor
antibody screen with reflex RNA.
D. Hep A/B serologies are useful by history, but do not replace
recommended HCV screening.
Teaching point: One-time anti-HCV antibody screening (ages
18–79) with reflex RNA for positives.
Citation: Papadakis, M. A., McPhee, S. J., & Rabow, M. W.
(2026). Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment (65th ed.). Ch.
1.
2) Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Lung
cancer screening eligibility
,Stem: A 62-year-old man with a 25 pack-year smoking history
quit 10 years ago. He asks whether he should undergo lung
cancer screening. Which is the best next step?
A. Offer annual low-dose CT—eligible for screening.
B. No screening—quit >5 years ago excludes him.
C. Offer chest radiograph annually instead of CT.
D. Screen only if he develops hemoptysis or unexplained weight
loss.
Correct answer: A
Rationale — Correct (A): CMDT aligns with USPSTF: adults aged
50–80 with ≥20 pack-years who currently smoke or quit within
past 15 years qualify for annual low-dose CT screening; he quit
10 years ago and meets criteria. Screening reduces lung-cancer
mortality when combined with robust shared decision-making.
USPSTF
Rationale — Incorrect:
B. The 15-year quit cutoff still includes him (quit 10 years ago).
C. Chest radiograph is not effective for screening lung cancer
and is not recommended.
D. Waiting for symptoms defeats the purpose—screening
targets asymptomatic high-risk individuals.
Teaching point: Annual low-dose CT for high-risk adults (50–80,
≥20 pack-years, quit ≤15 years).
Citation: Papadakis, M. A., McPhee, S. J., & Rabow, M. W.
(2026). Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment (65th ed.). Ch.
1.
, 3) Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Breast
cancer screening (average risk)
Stem: A 42-year-old woman with no family history of breast
cancer asks when to begin routine screening mammography.
What is the best recommendation?
A. Start annual mammograms immediately (age-based
screening starts at 45).
B. Begin biennial mammography now (routine screening age
40–74).
C. No screening until age 50 unless symptoms occur.
D. Start with annual MRI rather than mammography because of
age.
Correct answer: B
Rationale — Correct (B): CMDT summarizes USPSTF updated
guidance: average-risk screening mammography every other
year starting at age 40 through 74; decisions may be
individualized but biennial screening beginning at 40 is
guideline-concordant. MRI is reserved for high-risk patients.
USPSTF
Rationale — Incorrect:
A. Annual (vs biennial) may be considered but the standard
USPSTF recommendation is biennial starting at 40.
C. Delaying to 50 ignores the updated recommendation that
supports starting at 40.
