EMERGENCY MEDICINE COMAT
QUIZZES WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS.
Antidote for Acetaminophen ANS - N-acetylcysteine
antidote for anticholinergics (antimuscarinics- atropine, antinicotinics) ANS - Physostigmine
antidote for anticholinesterases (organophosphates) ANS - atropine, pralidoxime
Antidote for benzodiazepines ANS - Flumazenil (Romazicon)
Antidote for B-blockers ANS - glucagon--works by competitive inhibition of the beta receptors in the
heart muscle
Antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning ANS - 100% O2, hyperbaric O2 if CO2 > 20%; diagnosis is made
with ABG >15% in smokers and >3% in nonsmokers
antidote for cyanide ANS - amyl nitrate, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin
antidote for digoxin ANS - anti-digitalis Fab, magnesium, lidocaine (for torsades)
Antidote for Ethylene Glycol (antifreeze), methanol ANS - fomepizole, ethanol drip, dialysis, calcium
gluconate for ethylene glycol
Antidote for Heparin ANS - protamine sulfate
Antidote for Iron ANS - Deferoxamine
,Antidote for Isoniazid (INH) ANS - Pyridoxine (Vit B6)
Antidote for lead ANS - EDTA, dimercaprol--for higher levels
succimer, penicillamine--for lower levels
Antidote for Nitrites ANS - methylene blue
Antidote for Opioids ANS - Naloxone (Narcan)
antidote for phenothiazines (antipsychotics) ANS - diphenhydramine
Antidote for Salicylates (ASA) and TCAs ANS - Sodium Bicarbonate, dialysis--ASA
Sodium Bicarbonate (QRS prolong), Benzo (seizures)--TCAs
antidote for tPA and streptokinase ANS - Aminocaproic acid
antidote for warfarin ANS - Vitamin K, FFP
Withdrawal symptoms of Alcohol? Treatment? ANS - 6-12 hours: Tremor
Within 48 hours: Tachycardia, HTN, agitation, seizures
Within 2-7 days: Hallucinations, DTs
Treatement: Benzos, haloperidol for hallucinations, thiamine (B1), Folate, B12, and MV replacement
(banana bag)
Withdrawal symptoms and treatment for Barbituates? ANS - Anxiety, seizures, delerium, tremors,
cardiac and respiratory depression
Tx: Benzo
, Withdrawal symptoms and treatment for Benzodiazapines? ANS - Rebound anxiety, seizures, tremor
Tx: benzo taper
Withdrawal symptoms and treatment for Cocaine/Amphetamines? What treatment needs to be
avoided? ANS - Depression, hungry, hypersomnolence
Tx: supportive, avoid B Blokers (may lead to uninhibited alpha cardiac stimulation and HTN)
Withdrawal symptoms and treatment for opioids? ANS - Anxiety, insomnia, flulike symptoms, sweating,
piloerection, fever, rhinorrhea, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea, mydriasis
Tx: Symptomatic, Clonidine and/or buprenorphine for moderate, methadone for severe; Naltrexone
when patient drug free for 7-10 days
What organisms are common in Dog Bites? ANS - alpha-hemolytic streptococci
S. Aureus, Pasteurella multocida
Anaerobes
Tx: Amox/Clav OR first gen cephalosporin (Keflex--Cephalexin, Cephazolin) for 5-7 days
doxy or tetracycline if allergy to others and levofloxacin + clindamycin for severe allergic reactions to
PCN/Cephala
What organisms are common in Cat bites? ANS - P Multocida, anaerobes
Tx: Amox/Clav
What organisms are common in Human bites? ANS - Polymicrobial, Viridians streptococci
QUIZZES WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS.
Antidote for Acetaminophen ANS - N-acetylcysteine
antidote for anticholinergics (antimuscarinics- atropine, antinicotinics) ANS - Physostigmine
antidote for anticholinesterases (organophosphates) ANS - atropine, pralidoxime
Antidote for benzodiazepines ANS - Flumazenil (Romazicon)
Antidote for B-blockers ANS - glucagon--works by competitive inhibition of the beta receptors in the
heart muscle
Antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning ANS - 100% O2, hyperbaric O2 if CO2 > 20%; diagnosis is made
with ABG >15% in smokers and >3% in nonsmokers
antidote for cyanide ANS - amyl nitrate, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin
antidote for digoxin ANS - anti-digitalis Fab, magnesium, lidocaine (for torsades)
Antidote for Ethylene Glycol (antifreeze), methanol ANS - fomepizole, ethanol drip, dialysis, calcium
gluconate for ethylene glycol
Antidote for Heparin ANS - protamine sulfate
Antidote for Iron ANS - Deferoxamine
,Antidote for Isoniazid (INH) ANS - Pyridoxine (Vit B6)
Antidote for lead ANS - EDTA, dimercaprol--for higher levels
succimer, penicillamine--for lower levels
Antidote for Nitrites ANS - methylene blue
Antidote for Opioids ANS - Naloxone (Narcan)
antidote for phenothiazines (antipsychotics) ANS - diphenhydramine
Antidote for Salicylates (ASA) and TCAs ANS - Sodium Bicarbonate, dialysis--ASA
Sodium Bicarbonate (QRS prolong), Benzo (seizures)--TCAs
antidote for tPA and streptokinase ANS - Aminocaproic acid
antidote for warfarin ANS - Vitamin K, FFP
Withdrawal symptoms of Alcohol? Treatment? ANS - 6-12 hours: Tremor
Within 48 hours: Tachycardia, HTN, agitation, seizures
Within 2-7 days: Hallucinations, DTs
Treatement: Benzos, haloperidol for hallucinations, thiamine (B1), Folate, B12, and MV replacement
(banana bag)
Withdrawal symptoms and treatment for Barbituates? ANS - Anxiety, seizures, delerium, tremors,
cardiac and respiratory depression
Tx: Benzo
, Withdrawal symptoms and treatment for Benzodiazapines? ANS - Rebound anxiety, seizures, tremor
Tx: benzo taper
Withdrawal symptoms and treatment for Cocaine/Amphetamines? What treatment needs to be
avoided? ANS - Depression, hungry, hypersomnolence
Tx: supportive, avoid B Blokers (may lead to uninhibited alpha cardiac stimulation and HTN)
Withdrawal symptoms and treatment for opioids? ANS - Anxiety, insomnia, flulike symptoms, sweating,
piloerection, fever, rhinorrhea, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea, mydriasis
Tx: Symptomatic, Clonidine and/or buprenorphine for moderate, methadone for severe; Naltrexone
when patient drug free for 7-10 days
What organisms are common in Dog Bites? ANS - alpha-hemolytic streptococci
S. Aureus, Pasteurella multocida
Anaerobes
Tx: Amox/Clav OR first gen cephalosporin (Keflex--Cephalexin, Cephazolin) for 5-7 days
doxy or tetracycline if allergy to others and levofloxacin + clindamycin for severe allergic reactions to
PCN/Cephala
What organisms are common in Cat bites? ANS - P Multocida, anaerobes
Tx: Amox/Clav
What organisms are common in Human bites? ANS - Polymicrobial, Viridians streptococci
