STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF THE BODY
16TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN T. PATTON; GARY
A. THIBODEAU
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to the Body / Levels of Organization
Question Stem
A 72-year-old patient arrives with a deep laceration through
skin and subcutaneous tissue that extends into muscle and
severs a small artery. The nurse must document which levels of
organization were directly breached by the injury and anticipate
which level will be responsible for generating new cells to
replace damaged tissue. Which two levels should the nurse list
and why?
,Options
A. Tissue level and organ level — tissues are breached and
organs will regenerate cells.
B. Cellular level and tissue level — individual cells are destroyed
and tissues will orchestrate repair.
C. Organismal level and organ system level — whole-body
functions are affected and systems replace cells.
D. Molecular level and cellular level — molecules are denatured
and new cells will spontaneously appear.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct Option (B): The laceration destroys individual cells
(cellular level) and disrupts the organized collection of similar
cells performing functions (tissue level). Tissue repair—via
inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, and extracellular
matrix deposition—occurs at the tissue level using surviving
cells and stem/progenitor cells. This links structure (cells →
tissues) to function (repair and restoration). Nursing
implications include monitoring tissue perfusion, signs of
infection, and wound healing progress.
Incorrect Option (A): While organs contain tissues, the primary
damage in a laceration is at cellular and tissue levels rather than
requiring organ-level replacement.
Incorrect Option (C): Whole-organism and organ system levels
describe broader functional impacts but do not identify the
,primary biological units that are repaired.
Incorrect Option (D): Molecular damage occurs, but
replacement occurs by cellular proliferation and tissue
remodeling rather than spontaneous molecular reassembly.
Teaching Point
Cellular injury leads to tissue-level repair processes; document
both levels for accurate nursing assessment.
Citation
Patton, K. T., & Thibodeau, G. A. (2020). Structure & function of
the body (16th ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction / Scientific Method
Question Stem
A nurse notices that patients in one ward develop postoperative
fevers more frequently. The nurse plans a small quality
improvement study: form a hypothesis, collect data, and
analyze results. Which action best reflects applying the
scientific method to identify a causal factor?
Options
A. Assume the fevers are caused by a contaminated instrument
and immediately change sterilization protocols.
B. Formulate a testable hypothesis that links a specific practice
(e.g., dressing change frequency) to fever rates, then collect and
, compare data before changing practice.
C. Survey staff opinions about why fevers occur and implement
the most commonly suggested change.
D. Compare the ward’s fever rate to a national average and
adopt the national prevention policy without local investigation.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct Option (B): The scientific method requires a testable
hypothesis and systematic data collection to determine
causality; this approach allows assessment of whether dressing
frequency correlates with fever rates and supports evidence-
based change. Nursing relevance: interventions should be
guided by analyzed local data to avoid unnecessary or
ineffective changes.
Incorrect Option (A): Jumping to a solution without testing risks
wasted resources and may not address the true cause.
Incorrect Option (C): Staff surveys provide hypotheses but do
not constitute empirical testing; they risk bias.
Incorrect Option (D): External benchmarks are useful but
cannot establish local causation without investigation of local
variables.
Teaching Point
Use testable hypotheses and local data collection to apply the
scientific method in clinical quality improvement.
16TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN T. PATTON; GARY
A. THIBODEAU
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to the Body / Levels of Organization
Question Stem
A 72-year-old patient arrives with a deep laceration through
skin and subcutaneous tissue that extends into muscle and
severs a small artery. The nurse must document which levels of
organization were directly breached by the injury and anticipate
which level will be responsible for generating new cells to
replace damaged tissue. Which two levels should the nurse list
and why?
,Options
A. Tissue level and organ level — tissues are breached and
organs will regenerate cells.
B. Cellular level and tissue level — individual cells are destroyed
and tissues will orchestrate repair.
C. Organismal level and organ system level — whole-body
functions are affected and systems replace cells.
D. Molecular level and cellular level — molecules are denatured
and new cells will spontaneously appear.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct Option (B): The laceration destroys individual cells
(cellular level) and disrupts the organized collection of similar
cells performing functions (tissue level). Tissue repair—via
inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, and extracellular
matrix deposition—occurs at the tissue level using surviving
cells and stem/progenitor cells. This links structure (cells →
tissues) to function (repair and restoration). Nursing
implications include monitoring tissue perfusion, signs of
infection, and wound healing progress.
Incorrect Option (A): While organs contain tissues, the primary
damage in a laceration is at cellular and tissue levels rather than
requiring organ-level replacement.
Incorrect Option (C): Whole-organism and organ system levels
describe broader functional impacts but do not identify the
,primary biological units that are repaired.
Incorrect Option (D): Molecular damage occurs, but
replacement occurs by cellular proliferation and tissue
remodeling rather than spontaneous molecular reassembly.
Teaching Point
Cellular injury leads to tissue-level repair processes; document
both levels for accurate nursing assessment.
Citation
Patton, K. T., & Thibodeau, G. A. (2020). Structure & function of
the body (16th ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction / Scientific Method
Question Stem
A nurse notices that patients in one ward develop postoperative
fevers more frequently. The nurse plans a small quality
improvement study: form a hypothesis, collect data, and
analyze results. Which action best reflects applying the
scientific method to identify a causal factor?
Options
A. Assume the fevers are caused by a contaminated instrument
and immediately change sterilization protocols.
B. Formulate a testable hypothesis that links a specific practice
(e.g., dressing change frequency) to fever rates, then collect and
, compare data before changing practice.
C. Survey staff opinions about why fevers occur and implement
the most commonly suggested change.
D. Compare the ward’s fever rate to a national average and
adopt the national prevention policy without local investigation.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct Option (B): The scientific method requires a testable
hypothesis and systematic data collection to determine
causality; this approach allows assessment of whether dressing
frequency correlates with fever rates and supports evidence-
based change. Nursing relevance: interventions should be
guided by analyzed local data to avoid unnecessary or
ineffective changes.
Incorrect Option (A): Jumping to a solution without testing risks
wasted resources and may not address the true cause.
Incorrect Option (C): Staff surveys provide hypotheses but do
not constitute empirical testing; they risk bias.
Incorrect Option (D): External benchmarks are useful but
cannot establish local causation without investigation of local
variables.
Teaching Point
Use testable hypotheses and local data collection to apply the
scientific method in clinical quality improvement.
