The Genome, Chromosomes, DNA and Genetics
Inside the nucleus of every cell there are structures called chromosomes.
Each chromosome contains many small sections called genes. Genes or sections of chromosomes
that code for particular characteristics.
Chromosomes are made from a molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid.
Genes are short lengths of DNA that code for a particular protein or characteristic. All the DNA in
an individual interest referred to as their genome.
Every molecule of DNA contains 3 important subunits:
o phosphate
o sugar (deoxyribose)
o base
Within the DNA molecule the three subunits form a structure called a nucleotide
There are four types of bases:
o adenine
o guanine
o cytosine
o thymine.
The DNA molecule is made up of two parallel strands of nucleotide linked together by the bases.
These are then twisted into a spiral called a double-helix.
Due to their structure, adenine and thymine are always paired together and so are cytosine and
guanine. This is known as a complementary base pairing and it is very important in forming the
overall DNA structure.
The sequence of the bases along the length of the DNA is what determines how gene works.
No two people have the exact same sequence of bases along the entire length of their chromosomes
unless they are identical Twins.
How does DNA work ?
DNA provides a code that allows the cell to make all the protein needs. The most important
proteins are enzymes, because they control the metabolism (all chemical reactions) in a cell.
The order in which the bases are arranged along one side of the helix, known as the coding
strand, formed the genetic code. Each word in the code consists of three letters representing
Theatre bases called abyss triplet or codon. A gene is like a long sentence made up of three
letter codons arranged in a specific order.
Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids. Different beast triplets code for different amino
acids. The order of the best triplets decides the sequence of amino acids in a particular protein.
Cell division
Sales have limited life span, so organisms must be able to make more cells. Most living organisms
grow by increasing the number of their cells. Cell division is a process by which cells double in
number by splitting in half.
Each cell in the human body has all its genes arranged on 23 pairs of chromosomes they have two
alternative sets of instructions for each characteristic feels dumb this is known as a diploid state.
All new cells produced by cell division must have the full set of chromosomes the two new cells
produced, refer to as daughter cells, must end up with the exact same genetic makeup as each other
on the parent cell the daughter cell must be clones of the parent cell . This means that every cell in
the growing Organism will have the same number untapped type of genes on chromosomes . In
Inside the nucleus of every cell there are structures called chromosomes.
Each chromosome contains many small sections called genes. Genes or sections of chromosomes
that code for particular characteristics.
Chromosomes are made from a molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid.
Genes are short lengths of DNA that code for a particular protein or characteristic. All the DNA in
an individual interest referred to as their genome.
Every molecule of DNA contains 3 important subunits:
o phosphate
o sugar (deoxyribose)
o base
Within the DNA molecule the three subunits form a structure called a nucleotide
There are four types of bases:
o adenine
o guanine
o cytosine
o thymine.
The DNA molecule is made up of two parallel strands of nucleotide linked together by the bases.
These are then twisted into a spiral called a double-helix.
Due to their structure, adenine and thymine are always paired together and so are cytosine and
guanine. This is known as a complementary base pairing and it is very important in forming the
overall DNA structure.
The sequence of the bases along the length of the DNA is what determines how gene works.
No two people have the exact same sequence of bases along the entire length of their chromosomes
unless they are identical Twins.
How does DNA work ?
DNA provides a code that allows the cell to make all the protein needs. The most important
proteins are enzymes, because they control the metabolism (all chemical reactions) in a cell.
The order in which the bases are arranged along one side of the helix, known as the coding
strand, formed the genetic code. Each word in the code consists of three letters representing
Theatre bases called abyss triplet or codon. A gene is like a long sentence made up of three
letter codons arranged in a specific order.
Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids. Different beast triplets code for different amino
acids. The order of the best triplets decides the sequence of amino acids in a particular protein.
Cell division
Sales have limited life span, so organisms must be able to make more cells. Most living organisms
grow by increasing the number of their cells. Cell division is a process by which cells double in
number by splitting in half.
Each cell in the human body has all its genes arranged on 23 pairs of chromosomes they have two
alternative sets of instructions for each characteristic feels dumb this is known as a diploid state.
All new cells produced by cell division must have the full set of chromosomes the two new cells
produced, refer to as daughter cells, must end up with the exact same genetic makeup as each other
on the parent cell the daughter cell must be clones of the parent cell . This means that every cell in
the growing Organism will have the same number untapped type of genes on chromosomes . In
