PCB 3134 Exam 1 – Questions With Definite Solutions
Save
Students also studied
INBDE Orthodontics NBDE II Review - Prosthodontics Perio Study
201 terms 69 terms Teacher 78 terms
dong_lee82 Preview melissa_jarvis7 Preview Hunter_Charters
Terms in this set (169)
Why is cell biology a Studying parts of the whole explains characters of the whole
reductionistic science?
-Hook- invented microscope and saw first cells
-Van Leeuwenhoek- refined microscopes and observed first live
History of Microscope
cells, adjust height relative to lens focal point and observed live
protists, bacteria and muscle fibres
-Cells is a structural and functional unit of life
-All organisms have one or more cells
The cell theory
-All cells arise from pre-existing cells
-Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow
-Cells are alive
-Complicated and organised into tissues and organs
-Have genetic programs
-Can grow and reproduce in culture for long periods of time
-Acquire materials from the environment
Basic Properties of Cells -Utilize energy
-Carry out a variety of chemical reactions
-Engage in mechanical activities
-Respond to stimuli
-Self regulated
-Evolve
-Cancer cells
HeLa cells -Immortal
-First cells to be kept in culture for long period of time
Good example of cellular organisation
-Apical surface- epithelial cells
-Microvilli on surface for nutrient absorption
Villi
-Apical microvilli have bundle of microfilaments
-Actin protein subunits make up the filaments
-Basal region- mitochondria for energy
-Genes carry information that is passed through generations
-Info is packed into chromosomes in the nucleus
Genetic programs -Genes construct cell structures and run cells activities to
replicate themselves
-Mutations lead to variations among individuals and evolution
How do mammalian oocytes -Unequal cell division to produce a polar body
divide?
Example of how cells utilise and store energy
Spriogyra -Ribbon chloroplasts for photosynthesis
-Derive energy from glucose
, Metabolism Sum of all chemical reactions in a cell
-Transport materials
-Assemble and dissemble structures
Mechanical activities
-Move structures
-Structural changes due to change in motor protein shape
-Single celled protists move away from objects and towards
nutrients
How do cells respond to -Receptors interact with environment substances, hormones,
stimuli? growth factors and surface of other cells
-Cells respond to stimuli by altering metabolism, moving or
apoptosis
-Cells adapt to their environment
-Feedback circuits keep cells in the appropriate states
Self Regulation of cells
-Maintains a complex ordered state- req multiple levels of
regulation and energetic input
-All cells originated from one Last Universal Common Ancestor
LUCA
-3 billion years ago
-Genetic language, DNA usage, transcription and translation
-Plasma membranes
-Metabolic pathways e.g TCA cycle
-Conservation of energy as ATP
Similarities between prokaryotes
-Mechanism of photosynthesis
and eukaryotes
-Mechanism of membrane protein synthesis and inserting into
membranes
-Proteasomes- structures that digest proteins
-Cytoskeleton
-Nuclear envelope
-complex chromosomes with proteins to compact into mitotic
structures
-Complex membranous organelles
-Specialised organelles for respiration and photosynthesis
Differences between -complex cytoskeleton and motor proteins
prokaryotes and eukaryotes -complex cilia and flagella
-Ability to phagocytose
-Cellulose in plant cell walls
-Cell division with microtubules in spindle
-Diploid and capable of sexual reproduction
-3 different RNA synthesising enzymes
-Crowded compartment in eukaryotes with little space for
Cytoplasm cytosol (soluble phase)
-Cytoskeleton and ribosomes in cytoplasm
-Prokaryotes arose 3.7 billion years ago
-Cyanobacteria arose 2.4 billion years ago
Evolution biogeological clock
-Eukaryotes arose 2 billion years ago
-Multicellular organisms- 600 million years ago
-Extremophiles
-Methanogens- convert CO2 and H2 into methane
-Halophiles- live in v salty environment like deep sea brine pools
and Dead Sea
Archaea
-Acidophiles- acid loving at pH as low as 0
-Thermophiles- v high temps
-Hyperthermophiles- live in hydrothermal vents, ocean floor, up
to 121°C, sterilise in autoclave
-Smallest known cells
Mycoplasma
-No cell wall
Save
Students also studied
INBDE Orthodontics NBDE II Review - Prosthodontics Perio Study
201 terms 69 terms Teacher 78 terms
dong_lee82 Preview melissa_jarvis7 Preview Hunter_Charters
Terms in this set (169)
Why is cell biology a Studying parts of the whole explains characters of the whole
reductionistic science?
-Hook- invented microscope and saw first cells
-Van Leeuwenhoek- refined microscopes and observed first live
History of Microscope
cells, adjust height relative to lens focal point and observed live
protists, bacteria and muscle fibres
-Cells is a structural and functional unit of life
-All organisms have one or more cells
The cell theory
-All cells arise from pre-existing cells
-Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow
-Cells are alive
-Complicated and organised into tissues and organs
-Have genetic programs
-Can grow and reproduce in culture for long periods of time
-Acquire materials from the environment
Basic Properties of Cells -Utilize energy
-Carry out a variety of chemical reactions
-Engage in mechanical activities
-Respond to stimuli
-Self regulated
-Evolve
-Cancer cells
HeLa cells -Immortal
-First cells to be kept in culture for long period of time
Good example of cellular organisation
-Apical surface- epithelial cells
-Microvilli on surface for nutrient absorption
Villi
-Apical microvilli have bundle of microfilaments
-Actin protein subunits make up the filaments
-Basal region- mitochondria for energy
-Genes carry information that is passed through generations
-Info is packed into chromosomes in the nucleus
Genetic programs -Genes construct cell structures and run cells activities to
replicate themselves
-Mutations lead to variations among individuals and evolution
How do mammalian oocytes -Unequal cell division to produce a polar body
divide?
Example of how cells utilise and store energy
Spriogyra -Ribbon chloroplasts for photosynthesis
-Derive energy from glucose
, Metabolism Sum of all chemical reactions in a cell
-Transport materials
-Assemble and dissemble structures
Mechanical activities
-Move structures
-Structural changes due to change in motor protein shape
-Single celled protists move away from objects and towards
nutrients
How do cells respond to -Receptors interact with environment substances, hormones,
stimuli? growth factors and surface of other cells
-Cells respond to stimuli by altering metabolism, moving or
apoptosis
-Cells adapt to their environment
-Feedback circuits keep cells in the appropriate states
Self Regulation of cells
-Maintains a complex ordered state- req multiple levels of
regulation and energetic input
-All cells originated from one Last Universal Common Ancestor
LUCA
-3 billion years ago
-Genetic language, DNA usage, transcription and translation
-Plasma membranes
-Metabolic pathways e.g TCA cycle
-Conservation of energy as ATP
Similarities between prokaryotes
-Mechanism of photosynthesis
and eukaryotes
-Mechanism of membrane protein synthesis and inserting into
membranes
-Proteasomes- structures that digest proteins
-Cytoskeleton
-Nuclear envelope
-complex chromosomes with proteins to compact into mitotic
structures
-Complex membranous organelles
-Specialised organelles for respiration and photosynthesis
Differences between -complex cytoskeleton and motor proteins
prokaryotes and eukaryotes -complex cilia and flagella
-Ability to phagocytose
-Cellulose in plant cell walls
-Cell division with microtubules in spindle
-Diploid and capable of sexual reproduction
-3 different RNA synthesising enzymes
-Crowded compartment in eukaryotes with little space for
Cytoplasm cytosol (soluble phase)
-Cytoskeleton and ribosomes in cytoplasm
-Prokaryotes arose 3.7 billion years ago
-Cyanobacteria arose 2.4 billion years ago
Evolution biogeological clock
-Eukaryotes arose 2 billion years ago
-Multicellular organisms- 600 million years ago
-Extremophiles
-Methanogens- convert CO2 and H2 into methane
-Halophiles- live in v salty environment like deep sea brine pools
and Dead Sea
Archaea
-Acidophiles- acid loving at pH as low as 0
-Thermophiles- v high temps
-Hyperthermophiles- live in hydrothermal vents, ocean floor, up
to 121°C, sterilise in autoclave
-Smallest known cells
Mycoplasma
-No cell wall
