FNH 250 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION!!
Nutrients - substances found in food and used in the body to promote growth,
maintenance and repair of tissue
Essential Nutrients - nutrients the body cannot make at all or in sufficient quantity
Attributes of Essential Nutrients - must have identified biological function,
absence of nutrient must lead to observable symptoms, restoration will reverse
deficiency symptoms
calorie - energy it takes to raise one gram of water to 1 degree Celcius
kilo calorie - 1000 calories, used when referring to calories in food
nutrient-dense food - high level of vitamins and minerals/ kcal
Energy Dense Food - "empty calorie food" with few micronutrients and lots of kcal
Nutritional Goal - strive for optimal nutrition, not too little, not too much, and
plan and asses a healthy diet.
,macro-nutrients - Energy-Yielding Nutrients
carbohydrates, lipids, protein,
micro-nutrients - Vitamins and Mineral (not water)
Non-energy Yielding Micronutrients - Water
Characteristics of carbohydrates - 4kcal/g, dietary fibre, mostly found in plant
foods,made up of simple sugars
Characteristics of Lipids - 9kcal.g, degree of saturation or length, plant and animal
foods, made up of fatty acids
Characteristics of Protein - 4kcal/gram, structural working uses, plant and animal
foods, made up of essential and non-essential amino acids
Vitmains - 4 fat soluble, 9 water soluble, consumed in smaller quantities, does not
provide energy, organic
Minerals - 7 major and 8+ trace, act as Co-factors, often used for structural
components, inorganic
fat soluble vitamins - A, D, E, K
, Water soluble vitamins - thamin, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, pantothenic acis, B-6, B-
12, folate, vitamin C
Major mineral - sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium,
phosphorous,magnesium,sulphur
Trace minerals - iron,zinc,selenium,iodide,copper,fluoride,chromium, maganese
Water - essential for life, permits reactions to occur, consumed in large quantities,
inorganic
EAR - Estimated Average Requirement
-estimated to meet 50% of an age/gender specific populations needs
RDA - Reccomended Dietary Allowance
-statistically determined intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements
of nearly all healthy individuals in a group (based off EAR)
AI - Adequate Intake
-used if sufficient scientific info is not available to make an EAR, observed mean
intakes of a group of healthy individuals
RDA vs AI - RDA = EAR + 2 standard deviations
AI = best estimate
UL - Tolerable Upper Intake Level
ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION!!
Nutrients - substances found in food and used in the body to promote growth,
maintenance and repair of tissue
Essential Nutrients - nutrients the body cannot make at all or in sufficient quantity
Attributes of Essential Nutrients - must have identified biological function,
absence of nutrient must lead to observable symptoms, restoration will reverse
deficiency symptoms
calorie - energy it takes to raise one gram of water to 1 degree Celcius
kilo calorie - 1000 calories, used when referring to calories in food
nutrient-dense food - high level of vitamins and minerals/ kcal
Energy Dense Food - "empty calorie food" with few micronutrients and lots of kcal
Nutritional Goal - strive for optimal nutrition, not too little, not too much, and
plan and asses a healthy diet.
,macro-nutrients - Energy-Yielding Nutrients
carbohydrates, lipids, protein,
micro-nutrients - Vitamins and Mineral (not water)
Non-energy Yielding Micronutrients - Water
Characteristics of carbohydrates - 4kcal/g, dietary fibre, mostly found in plant
foods,made up of simple sugars
Characteristics of Lipids - 9kcal.g, degree of saturation or length, plant and animal
foods, made up of fatty acids
Characteristics of Protein - 4kcal/gram, structural working uses, plant and animal
foods, made up of essential and non-essential amino acids
Vitmains - 4 fat soluble, 9 water soluble, consumed in smaller quantities, does not
provide energy, organic
Minerals - 7 major and 8+ trace, act as Co-factors, often used for structural
components, inorganic
fat soluble vitamins - A, D, E, K
, Water soluble vitamins - thamin, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, pantothenic acis, B-6, B-
12, folate, vitamin C
Major mineral - sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium,
phosphorous,magnesium,sulphur
Trace minerals - iron,zinc,selenium,iodide,copper,fluoride,chromium, maganese
Water - essential for life, permits reactions to occur, consumed in large quantities,
inorganic
EAR - Estimated Average Requirement
-estimated to meet 50% of an age/gender specific populations needs
RDA - Reccomended Dietary Allowance
-statistically determined intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements
of nearly all healthy individuals in a group (based off EAR)
AI - Adequate Intake
-used if sufficient scientific info is not available to make an EAR, observed mean
intakes of a group of healthy individuals
RDA vs AI - RDA = EAR + 2 standard deviations
AI = best estimate
UL - Tolerable Upper Intake Level
