SHS 250 Final Exam Quiz With
Complete Solutions
Phoneme - basic speech segment that has linguistic function of distinguishing
morphemes
Morpheme - smallest unit of language that carries a semantic meaning
Vowel reduction - rate of speech increases or as stress on vowel is decreased
- Length (duration) and centralization
- As a vowel is reduced, duration increases and is articulated more towards the
center of oral cavity
Diphthongs - vowel-like sounds produced with gradually changing articulation
Monophthongization - alteration of a diphthong to a pure vowel; loss of dynamic
phonetic quality of a diphthong
Allophone - one of the sound variants within a phoneme class; often used in
specified phonetic context
Complementary distribution - 2 or more allophones of a particular phoneme that
occur in mutually exclusive contexts
, Free variation - allophones that may be exchanged for one another in a particular
phonetic context
Coarticulation - overlapping of movements in production of 2 or more sounds
Assimilation - one sound becomes more like a nearby sound
Spreading - expansion or stretching of an articulatory feature
Shingling - an overlapping such that a feature from one sound overlies an
adjacent sound segment...allows a sound to be penetrated by a particular feature
from another segment
Blending - overlap and blending of unaltered articulatory plans for adjacent
segments...articulation is reshaped to accommodate the segment's phonetic
neighbors, but the segment itself is not altered
Anticipatory assimilation - A sound retains characteristics of a FOLLOWING sound
Broad vs. narrow transcription - /BROAD/ uses phonemes exclusively and doesn't
indicate variations such as diacritics
[NARROW] includes finer variations including allophonic modifications
Complete Solutions
Phoneme - basic speech segment that has linguistic function of distinguishing
morphemes
Morpheme - smallest unit of language that carries a semantic meaning
Vowel reduction - rate of speech increases or as stress on vowel is decreased
- Length (duration) and centralization
- As a vowel is reduced, duration increases and is articulated more towards the
center of oral cavity
Diphthongs - vowel-like sounds produced with gradually changing articulation
Monophthongization - alteration of a diphthong to a pure vowel; loss of dynamic
phonetic quality of a diphthong
Allophone - one of the sound variants within a phoneme class; often used in
specified phonetic context
Complementary distribution - 2 or more allophones of a particular phoneme that
occur in mutually exclusive contexts
, Free variation - allophones that may be exchanged for one another in a particular
phonetic context
Coarticulation - overlapping of movements in production of 2 or more sounds
Assimilation - one sound becomes more like a nearby sound
Spreading - expansion or stretching of an articulatory feature
Shingling - an overlapping such that a feature from one sound overlies an
adjacent sound segment...allows a sound to be penetrated by a particular feature
from another segment
Blending - overlap and blending of unaltered articulatory plans for adjacent
segments...articulation is reshaped to accommodate the segment's phonetic
neighbors, but the segment itself is not altered
Anticipatory assimilation - A sound retains characteristics of a FOLLOWING sound
Broad vs. narrow transcription - /BROAD/ uses phonemes exclusively and doesn't
indicate variations such as diacritics
[NARROW] includes finer variations including allophonic modifications
