biology test 3
function of root hairs - solution Increase surface area for water and nutrient absorption.
vascular cylinder - solution Central region of the root containing xylem and phloem for transport.
cortex - solution Layer of ground tissue between epidermis and vascular cylinder that stores food.
epidermis of a root - solution Outermost layer that protects the root and absorbs water/minerals.
endodermis - solution Inner layer of cortex that regulates movement of substances into the vascular
cylinder.
Casparian strip - solution Waterproof band around endodermal cells that controls water flow into the
xylem.
root cap - solution Protective structure at the root tip that helps the root push through soil.
apical meristem - solution Region of active cell division at the tip of the root.
active transport - solution Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy
(ATP).
osmosis - solution Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from high to low water
potential.
water potential - solution The potential energy of water; determines the direction of water movement.
root pressure - solution Root pressure results from active transport of minerals into the xylem, lowering
water potential and causing water to move in by osmosis, pushing water upward.
main functions of the root - solution Absorb water/minerals, anchor the plant, and transport materials
upward.
primary growth - solution Growth in length due to activity of apical meristems.
secondary growth. - solution Growth in thickness due to activity of vascular and cork cambium.
vascular cambium - solution Lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem and phloem.
cork cambium - solution Lateral meristem that produces protective outer bark.
xylem - solution Vascular tissue that transports water and minerals upward.
phloem - solution Vascular tissue that transports sugars and nutrients throughout the plant.
heartwood - solution Older, nonfunctioning xylem that provides structural support.
sapwood? - solution Newer, active xylem that conducts water.
bark - solution All tissues outside the vascular cambium; includes phloem and cork.
function of root hairs - solution Increase surface area for water and nutrient absorption.
vascular cylinder - solution Central region of the root containing xylem and phloem for transport.
cortex - solution Layer of ground tissue between epidermis and vascular cylinder that stores food.
epidermis of a root - solution Outermost layer that protects the root and absorbs water/minerals.
endodermis - solution Inner layer of cortex that regulates movement of substances into the vascular
cylinder.
Casparian strip - solution Waterproof band around endodermal cells that controls water flow into the
xylem.
root cap - solution Protective structure at the root tip that helps the root push through soil.
apical meristem - solution Region of active cell division at the tip of the root.
active transport - solution Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy
(ATP).
osmosis - solution Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from high to low water
potential.
water potential - solution The potential energy of water; determines the direction of water movement.
root pressure - solution Root pressure results from active transport of minerals into the xylem, lowering
water potential and causing water to move in by osmosis, pushing water upward.
main functions of the root - solution Absorb water/minerals, anchor the plant, and transport materials
upward.
primary growth - solution Growth in length due to activity of apical meristems.
secondary growth. - solution Growth in thickness due to activity of vascular and cork cambium.
vascular cambium - solution Lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem and phloem.
cork cambium - solution Lateral meristem that produces protective outer bark.
xylem - solution Vascular tissue that transports water and minerals upward.
phloem - solution Vascular tissue that transports sugars and nutrients throughout the plant.
heartwood - solution Older, nonfunctioning xylem that provides structural support.
sapwood? - solution Newer, active xylem that conducts water.
bark - solution All tissues outside the vascular cambium; includes phloem and cork.
