Test Bank for Williams Basic Nutrition
and Diet Therapy with correct answers
2025
Sodiumvandvpotassiumv-vcorrect-answers-
Sodiumvisvthevmajorvextracellularvelectrolytevandvpotassiumvisvthevmajorvintracellularvelectrolyte.
Fluidvrequirementsvduringvdiarrheavandvvomitingv-vcorrect-answers-
Avpatientvwhovisvexperiencingvseverevdiarrheavandvvomitingvwouldvhavevincreasedvbodyvwatervreq
uirements.
Kidneys'vfunctionv-vcorrect-answers-Thevkidneysvcleanvthevbloodvbyvfiltration.
Oralvrehydrationvtherapyv-vcorrect-answers-
Oralvrehydrationvtherapyvisvpreferredvovervintravenousvtherapyvforvfluidvreplacementvcausedvbyvdi
arrheavbecausevitvisvmorevreadilyvavailable.
Predominantvregulatorvofvcirculatingvbloodvvolumev-vcorrect-answers-
Thevpredominantvregulatorvofvcirculatingvbloodvvolumevisvplasmavproteins.
,Plasmavproteinsv-vcorrect-answers-
Plasmavproteinvmoleculesvarevretainedvinvbloodvvessels,vcontrollingvwatervmovementvinvthevbodyv
andvguardingvbloodvvolume.
Plasmavproteinvmoleculesv-vcorrect-answers-
Retainedvinvbloodvvessels,vcontrollingvwatervmovementvinvthevbodyvandvguardingvbloodvvolumevb
yvinfluencingvthevshiftvofvwatervinvandvoutvofvthevcapillariesvinvbalancevwithvthevsurroundingvwater.
Antidiureticvhormonev-vcorrect-answers-
Promotesvwatervconservation;vitvworksvonvthevkidneys'vnephronsvtovinducevreabsorptionvofvwater,
vreleasedvinvstressfulvsituationsvtovconservevvitalvbodyvwater.
Thirstvmechanismvinvelderlyv-vcorrect-answers-
Thirstvisvanvunreliablevindexvofvfluidvneedsvinvthevelderlyvbecausevitvusuallyvdiminishesvwithvage,vle
adingvtovavhighervriskvofvdehydration.
Colloidalvosmoticvpressurev-vcorrect-answers-
Maintainedvbyvplasmavproteinsvbecausevtheyvarevlargevmolecules,vmainlyvinvthevformvofvalbuminva
ndvglobulin.
Treatmentvforvdiarrheavinvchildrenv-vcorrect-answers-Administeringvanvage-
appropriatevdietvalongvwithvfluidsvthatvcontainvsodium,vpotassium,vglucose,vandvsodiumvbicarbon
atevtovreplacevlostvfluidsvandvelectrolytes.
Electrolytevinvgastricvdigestivevfluidsv-vcorrect-answers-
Chloridevisvthevelectrolytevpresentvinvthevmostvabundancevinvgastricvdigestivevfluids.
Osmosisv-vcorrect-answers-
Thevprocessvbyvwhichvwatervmovesvfromvanvareavofvlowvconcentrationvtovanvareavofvhighvconcentr
ation,voccurringvonlyvifvseparatedvbyvavsemipermeablevmembrane.
,Nutritionalvneedsvduringvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-
Affectedvbyvthevmother'svagevalongvwithvheightvandvprepregnancyvweight.
Adequatevenergyvduringvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-
Necessaryvtovsparevprotein;vifvinadequatevkilocaloriesvfromvenergyvarevprovided,vthenvproteinvwillv
bevusedvforvenergy.
Proteinvincreasevduringvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-
Approximatelyv50%vmorevthanvthevaveragevadultvrequirement.
Dailyvkilocalorievneedsvduringvthevsecondvtrimesterv-vcorrect-answers-
Exceedvnormalvrequirementsvbyvapproximatelyv340vkcal/day.
Nationalvstandardvforvcaloricvincreasevinvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-
Recommendsvanvincreasevofv340vkcal/dayvduringvthevsecondvtrimestervandv452vkcal/dayvduringvth
evthirdvtrimester.
Extravproteinvrequiredvbyvpregnantvwomenv-vcorrect-answers-
Approximatelyv25vg/dayvinvadditionvtovnonpregnancyvneeds.
Increasedvproteinvnecessityvinvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-
Necessaryvforvrapidvgrowthvofvthevfetus,vdevelopmentvofvthevplacenta,vgrowthvofvmaternalvtissues
,vincreasedvmaternalvbloodvvolume,vandvamnioticvfluid.
Goodvsourcevofvcalciumvduringvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-Milk,vmilk-
substitutevproducts,vgenerousvamountsvofvgreenvvegetables,vandvenrichedvorvwholevgrains.
Calcium'svrolevinvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-
Essentialvforvfetalvdevelopmentvofvbonesvandvteethvasvwellvasvforvthevmother'svownvbodyvneeds.
, Goodvsourcevofvironvduringvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-Leanvgroundvbeef.
Ironvdistributionvinvfoodv-vcorrect-answers-
Primarilyvinvmeat,veggs,vvegetables,vandvfortifiedvcereals.
Increasedvironvneedsvduringvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-
Duevtovincreasedvmaternalvbloodvvolume.
Reasonvforvincreasedvironvneedsv-vcorrect-answers-
Forvincreasedvhemoglobinvsynthesisvrequiredvforvthevgreatervmaternalvbloodvvolumevasvwellvasvfor
vthevbaby'svnecessaryvprenatalvstoragevofviron.
Adequatevfolatevinvthevpericonceptionalvperiodv-vcorrect-answers-
Helpsvpreventvconditionsvsuchvasvcretinismvandvmentalvretardation.
Cretinismv-vcorrect-answers-
Avconditionvresultingvfromvsevereviodinevdeficiencyvleadingvtovstuntedvphysicalvandvmentalvgrowt
h.
MentalvRetardationv-vcorrect-answers-
Avconditionvcharacterizedvbyvsignificantlyvimpairedvcognitivevfunctioningvandvdeficitsvinvadaptivev
behavior.
NeuralvTubevDefectsv-vcorrect-answers-
Congenitalvmalformationsvofvthevbrain,vspine,vorvspinalvcordvthatvoccurvduringvearlyvpregnancy.
GestationalvDiabetesv-vcorrect-answers-
Avformvofvdiabetesvthatvoccursvduringvpregnancyvandvusuallyvresolvesvaftervchildbirth.
and Diet Therapy with correct answers
2025
Sodiumvandvpotassiumv-vcorrect-answers-
Sodiumvisvthevmajorvextracellularvelectrolytevandvpotassiumvisvthevmajorvintracellularvelectrolyte.
Fluidvrequirementsvduringvdiarrheavandvvomitingv-vcorrect-answers-
Avpatientvwhovisvexperiencingvseverevdiarrheavandvvomitingvwouldvhavevincreasedvbodyvwatervreq
uirements.
Kidneys'vfunctionv-vcorrect-answers-Thevkidneysvcleanvthevbloodvbyvfiltration.
Oralvrehydrationvtherapyv-vcorrect-answers-
Oralvrehydrationvtherapyvisvpreferredvovervintravenousvtherapyvforvfluidvreplacementvcausedvbyvdi
arrheavbecausevitvisvmorevreadilyvavailable.
Predominantvregulatorvofvcirculatingvbloodvvolumev-vcorrect-answers-
Thevpredominantvregulatorvofvcirculatingvbloodvvolumevisvplasmavproteins.
,Plasmavproteinsv-vcorrect-answers-
Plasmavproteinvmoleculesvarevretainedvinvbloodvvessels,vcontrollingvwatervmovementvinvthevbodyv
andvguardingvbloodvvolume.
Plasmavproteinvmoleculesv-vcorrect-answers-
Retainedvinvbloodvvessels,vcontrollingvwatervmovementvinvthevbodyvandvguardingvbloodvvolumevb
yvinfluencingvthevshiftvofvwatervinvandvoutvofvthevcapillariesvinvbalancevwithvthevsurroundingvwater.
Antidiureticvhormonev-vcorrect-answers-
Promotesvwatervconservation;vitvworksvonvthevkidneys'vnephronsvtovinducevreabsorptionvofvwater,
vreleasedvinvstressfulvsituationsvtovconservevvitalvbodyvwater.
Thirstvmechanismvinvelderlyv-vcorrect-answers-
Thirstvisvanvunreliablevindexvofvfluidvneedsvinvthevelderlyvbecausevitvusuallyvdiminishesvwithvage,vle
adingvtovavhighervriskvofvdehydration.
Colloidalvosmoticvpressurev-vcorrect-answers-
Maintainedvbyvplasmavproteinsvbecausevtheyvarevlargevmolecules,vmainlyvinvthevformvofvalbuminva
ndvglobulin.
Treatmentvforvdiarrheavinvchildrenv-vcorrect-answers-Administeringvanvage-
appropriatevdietvalongvwithvfluidsvthatvcontainvsodium,vpotassium,vglucose,vandvsodiumvbicarbon
atevtovreplacevlostvfluidsvandvelectrolytes.
Electrolytevinvgastricvdigestivevfluidsv-vcorrect-answers-
Chloridevisvthevelectrolytevpresentvinvthevmostvabundancevinvgastricvdigestivevfluids.
Osmosisv-vcorrect-answers-
Thevprocessvbyvwhichvwatervmovesvfromvanvareavofvlowvconcentrationvtovanvareavofvhighvconcentr
ation,voccurringvonlyvifvseparatedvbyvavsemipermeablevmembrane.
,Nutritionalvneedsvduringvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-
Affectedvbyvthevmother'svagevalongvwithvheightvandvprepregnancyvweight.
Adequatevenergyvduringvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-
Necessaryvtovsparevprotein;vifvinadequatevkilocaloriesvfromvenergyvarevprovided,vthenvproteinvwillv
bevusedvforvenergy.
Proteinvincreasevduringvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-
Approximatelyv50%vmorevthanvthevaveragevadultvrequirement.
Dailyvkilocalorievneedsvduringvthevsecondvtrimesterv-vcorrect-answers-
Exceedvnormalvrequirementsvbyvapproximatelyv340vkcal/day.
Nationalvstandardvforvcaloricvincreasevinvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-
Recommendsvanvincreasevofv340vkcal/dayvduringvthevsecondvtrimestervandv452vkcal/dayvduringvth
evthirdvtrimester.
Extravproteinvrequiredvbyvpregnantvwomenv-vcorrect-answers-
Approximatelyv25vg/dayvinvadditionvtovnonpregnancyvneeds.
Increasedvproteinvnecessityvinvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-
Necessaryvforvrapidvgrowthvofvthevfetus,vdevelopmentvofvthevplacenta,vgrowthvofvmaternalvtissues
,vincreasedvmaternalvbloodvvolume,vandvamnioticvfluid.
Goodvsourcevofvcalciumvduringvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-Milk,vmilk-
substitutevproducts,vgenerousvamountsvofvgreenvvegetables,vandvenrichedvorvwholevgrains.
Calcium'svrolevinvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-
Essentialvforvfetalvdevelopmentvofvbonesvandvteethvasvwellvasvforvthevmother'svownvbodyvneeds.
, Goodvsourcevofvironvduringvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-Leanvgroundvbeef.
Ironvdistributionvinvfoodv-vcorrect-answers-
Primarilyvinvmeat,veggs,vvegetables,vandvfortifiedvcereals.
Increasedvironvneedsvduringvpregnancyv-vcorrect-answers-
Duevtovincreasedvmaternalvbloodvvolume.
Reasonvforvincreasedvironvneedsv-vcorrect-answers-
Forvincreasedvhemoglobinvsynthesisvrequiredvforvthevgreatervmaternalvbloodvvolumevasvwellvasvfor
vthevbaby'svnecessaryvprenatalvstoragevofviron.
Adequatevfolatevinvthevpericonceptionalvperiodv-vcorrect-answers-
Helpsvpreventvconditionsvsuchvasvcretinismvandvmentalvretardation.
Cretinismv-vcorrect-answers-
Avconditionvresultingvfromvsevereviodinevdeficiencyvleadingvtovstuntedvphysicalvandvmentalvgrowt
h.
MentalvRetardationv-vcorrect-answers-
Avconditionvcharacterizedvbyvsignificantlyvimpairedvcognitivevfunctioningvandvdeficitsvinvadaptivev
behavior.
NeuralvTubevDefectsv-vcorrect-answers-
Congenitalvmalformationsvofvthevbrain,vspine,vorvspinalvcordvthatvoccurvduringvearlyvpregnancy.
GestationalvDiabetesv-vcorrect-answers-
Avformvofvdiabetesvthatvoccursvduringvpregnancyvandvusuallyvresolvesvaftervchildbirth.
