PSY 350 SDSU Exam 3 – Questions With Accurate
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Terms in this set (146)
state that includes: cognitive, motivational and physical
Mood
aspects
Major depressive episodes
3 different types of mood
Manic episodes
"episodes"
Hypomanic episodes
-Lasts most of the day, nearly every day for at least two
weeks
-anhedonia (extremely depressed mood and/or loss of
pleasure)
Major depressive episode -At least 4 additional physical or cognitive symptoms:
E.g., indecisiveness, feelings of worthlessness, fatigue,
appetite change (can be increase or decrease but is
usually a decrease in appetite), restlessness or feeling
slowed down, sleep disturbance
anhedonia Extremely depressed mood and/or loss of pleasure
-expansive mood for at least 1 week; Unpredictable;
Judgment low, energy high. Impairment in normal
functioning
-Symptoms: inflated self esteem, decreased need for
Manic episode
sleep, excessive talkativeness, flight of ideas or sense
that thoughts are racing, easily distracted, increase in
goal directed activity, involvement in pleasurable but
risky behaviors
-shorter (Lasts at least 4 days), less severe version of
manic episodes
-Fewer and milder symptoms
Hypomanic Episode -Associated with less impairment than manic episodes
(e.g., less risky behavior)
-May not necessarily be problematic but is a part of
other behaviors such as (bipolar II)
, -term for a mood episode with some elements
reflecting the opposite mood
-Example: Depressive episode with some manic
Mixed Features
features
-Example: Manic episode with some depressed/anxious
features
-Mood disorder involving one major depressive
episode; mood disorder involving multiple (separated
by at least 2 months without depression) major
Major depressive disorder
depressive episodes.
(single vs. recurrent)
-Single episode - highly unusual
-Recurrent episodes - more common
-Onset at 30, 5-10% prevalence, lifetime risk of 17%
Median lifetime # of (4-7); 4-5 months in duration
depressive episodes for
major depressive disorder
low level depression; depressed mood most of the day
Persistent Depressive on more than 50% of the days; longer lasting (minimum
Disorder of two years and can go for >20 years, symptoms
cannot disappear for more than 2 months)
-alternate between full manic episodes & major
depressive episodes
-Greatest suicide risk
Bipolar I
-Chronic condition
-Onset 15-18 years old
-Can begin in childhood
-alternate between hypomanic episodes & major
depressive episodes
Bipolar II -Can progress to Bipolar I if not treated
-Later onset than Bipolar I
-Average onset is 19-22 years, and tends to be chronic
-(alternate between mild depressive & mild hypomanic
symptoms)
-Must last minimum of two years (one year for children
Cyclothymic Disorder
and adolescents)
-One third to one half develop full blown bipolar
-Onset between 12-4 years
What is the prevalence of -16% for major depression
major depressive disorder -females are twice as likely to have major depression
, Prevalence of bipolar -equally affect males and females
disorder -Affects 2.5 million americans in any given year
low levels of serotonin "permit" NE and dopamine to
Permissive hypothese
fluctuate wildly, increasing vulnerability to depression
Individuals prone to depression/anxiety will likely have
Stress hypothesis elevated cortisol, which is produced by the adrenal
gland
-(more intense and longer REM activity; decreased
deep stage sleep
-Sleep deprivation may improve depressive symptoms
Sleep and Depression
in those who are depressed
-Sleep loss may bring on feelings of depression in non-
depressed individuals
essentially states that some people have a genetic
predisposition that leads to certain situations which end
up contributing to the development of depression/etc.
Reciprocal-Gene
People who are vulnerable to depression might be
Environment Model
more likely to enter situation that will lead to stress. Ex)
shy person excludes self from others leading to
depression.
A lack of perceived control over life events leads to
Learned-Helplessness decreased attempts to improve own situation? "Why
should i even try" mentality?
When you are depressed, Internal, Stable, Global
what are the three ways
you think (aka Depressive
Attributional Style)
the individual attributes negative events to personal
Internal way of thinking failings ("it was my fault"). when negative outcomes are
one's own fault
even after particular negative events passes, the
attribution that "additional bad things will always be my
Stable way of thinking
fault" remains. believing future negative outcomes will
be one's own fault,
the attribution extended across a variety of issues.
Global way of thinking believing negative events will disrupt many life activities
ways.
Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (146)
state that includes: cognitive, motivational and physical
Mood
aspects
Major depressive episodes
3 different types of mood
Manic episodes
"episodes"
Hypomanic episodes
-Lasts most of the day, nearly every day for at least two
weeks
-anhedonia (extremely depressed mood and/or loss of
pleasure)
Major depressive episode -At least 4 additional physical or cognitive symptoms:
E.g., indecisiveness, feelings of worthlessness, fatigue,
appetite change (can be increase or decrease but is
usually a decrease in appetite), restlessness or feeling
slowed down, sleep disturbance
anhedonia Extremely depressed mood and/or loss of pleasure
-expansive mood for at least 1 week; Unpredictable;
Judgment low, energy high. Impairment in normal
functioning
-Symptoms: inflated self esteem, decreased need for
Manic episode
sleep, excessive talkativeness, flight of ideas or sense
that thoughts are racing, easily distracted, increase in
goal directed activity, involvement in pleasurable but
risky behaviors
-shorter (Lasts at least 4 days), less severe version of
manic episodes
-Fewer and milder symptoms
Hypomanic Episode -Associated with less impairment than manic episodes
(e.g., less risky behavior)
-May not necessarily be problematic but is a part of
other behaviors such as (bipolar II)
, -term for a mood episode with some elements
reflecting the opposite mood
-Example: Depressive episode with some manic
Mixed Features
features
-Example: Manic episode with some depressed/anxious
features
-Mood disorder involving one major depressive
episode; mood disorder involving multiple (separated
by at least 2 months without depression) major
Major depressive disorder
depressive episodes.
(single vs. recurrent)
-Single episode - highly unusual
-Recurrent episodes - more common
-Onset at 30, 5-10% prevalence, lifetime risk of 17%
Median lifetime # of (4-7); 4-5 months in duration
depressive episodes for
major depressive disorder
low level depression; depressed mood most of the day
Persistent Depressive on more than 50% of the days; longer lasting (minimum
Disorder of two years and can go for >20 years, symptoms
cannot disappear for more than 2 months)
-alternate between full manic episodes & major
depressive episodes
-Greatest suicide risk
Bipolar I
-Chronic condition
-Onset 15-18 years old
-Can begin in childhood
-alternate between hypomanic episodes & major
depressive episodes
Bipolar II -Can progress to Bipolar I if not treated
-Later onset than Bipolar I
-Average onset is 19-22 years, and tends to be chronic
-(alternate between mild depressive & mild hypomanic
symptoms)
-Must last minimum of two years (one year for children
Cyclothymic Disorder
and adolescents)
-One third to one half develop full blown bipolar
-Onset between 12-4 years
What is the prevalence of -16% for major depression
major depressive disorder -females are twice as likely to have major depression
, Prevalence of bipolar -equally affect males and females
disorder -Affects 2.5 million americans in any given year
low levels of serotonin "permit" NE and dopamine to
Permissive hypothese
fluctuate wildly, increasing vulnerability to depression
Individuals prone to depression/anxiety will likely have
Stress hypothesis elevated cortisol, which is produced by the adrenal
gland
-(more intense and longer REM activity; decreased
deep stage sleep
-Sleep deprivation may improve depressive symptoms
Sleep and Depression
in those who are depressed
-Sleep loss may bring on feelings of depression in non-
depressed individuals
essentially states that some people have a genetic
predisposition that leads to certain situations which end
up contributing to the development of depression/etc.
Reciprocal-Gene
People who are vulnerable to depression might be
Environment Model
more likely to enter situation that will lead to stress. Ex)
shy person excludes self from others leading to
depression.
A lack of perceived control over life events leads to
Learned-Helplessness decreased attempts to improve own situation? "Why
should i even try" mentality?
When you are depressed, Internal, Stable, Global
what are the three ways
you think (aka Depressive
Attributional Style)
the individual attributes negative events to personal
Internal way of thinking failings ("it was my fault"). when negative outcomes are
one's own fault
even after particular negative events passes, the
attribution that "additional bad things will always be my
Stable way of thinking
fault" remains. believing future negative outcomes will
be one's own fault,
the attribution extended across a variety of issues.
Global way of thinking believing negative events will disrupt many life activities
ways.
