psy 382 final exam complete question
xg xg xg xg xg
s and answers
xg xg
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correctxganswer✔ ✔ producingxgaxglinguisticallyxgequivalentxgversionxgofxginstrumentxg
xg
inxganotherxglanguage
•conventionalxgterm,xgstillxginxguse
•1stxgstepxginxgprocessxgofxgpreparingxgtestxgforxgusexginxg2ndxglanguage/culture
adaptationxg-xgcorrectxganswer✔ ✔
translationxgofxginstrumentxgcoupledxgwithxgeffortxgtoxgmaximizexgitsxgculturalxgappropriate
nessxgandxgminimizexgbias
•morexgpopularxgterm,xgusedxginxgmodernxgtranslationxgpractices
•producesxginstrumentsxgthatxgmeasurexgtargetxgconstructsxgmorexgadequatelyxginxgtargetxg
cultures
•basedxgonxgsensitivityxgforxgnon-
linguisticxgfactors,xgsuchxgasxgculturalxgnormsxgandxgrelevancexgofxgthexginstrumentxgforxgth
exgtargetxgculture
reasonsxgforxgadaptingxgmeasuresxg-xgcorrectxganswer✔ ✔
•achievexgdifferentxglanguagexgversionsxgofxgthexginstrumentxgthatxgarexgconceptuallyxgeq
uivalentxginxgeachxgofxgthexgtargetxgcountries/culturesxg(WHO).xgfocusxgonxgcross-
culturalxgandxgconceptualxgratherxgthanxglinguistic/literalxgequivalence
•reducexgcosts,xgsavexgtimexginxgdevelopingxgnewxgtestsxgcheaperxgandxgfasterxgtoxgadaptxg
existingxgtestxgintoxg2ndxglanguagexgthanxgitxgisxgtoxgdevelopxgnewxgtest
4xgrecommendationsxgforxgqualityxgtestxgtranslationxg-xgcorrectxganswer✔ ✔
•usexgsimplexgsentences
, •avoidxgmetaphors,xgnoxgcolloquialisms
•avoidxgpassivexgvoice,xgusexgactivexgvoice
•avoidxghypotheticalxgphrasing
5xgqualitiesxgofxgtranslatorsxg-xgcorrectxganswer✔ ✔ •languagexgcompetence
•conscientiousness
•knowledgexgofxgsubjectxgmatter
•knowledgexgofxgtargetxgculturexg(2ndxglanguage)
•knowledgexgofxgtestxgconstruction
forwardxgadaptationxg-xgcorrectxganswer✔ ✔
sourcexgversionxgofxgtestxgtranslatedxgintoxgtargetxglanguagexgbyxgseveralxgtranslatorsxgw
orkingxgindividuallyxgorxginxgsmallxggroupsxgworkingxgindependently.xgeitherxgoriginalxgtransl
atorsxgorxgnewxggroupxgcreatexgbestxgsinglexgtranslation
backxgadaptationxg-xgcorrectxganswer✔ ✔
sourcexglanguagexgfirstxgtranslatedxgintoxgtargetxglanguagexgbyxgseveralxgtranslators,xgthe
nxgtranslatedxgbackxgintoxgoriginalxglanguagexgbyxgdifferentxgsetxgofxgtranslators.xgjudgesxgc
omparexgthexg2xgsourcexglanguagexgvariationsxgforxgerrors
3xgshortcomingsxg-xgcorrectxganswer✔ ✔
•difficultxgtoxgfindxgtranslatorsxgwhoxgarexgequallyxgfamiliarxgwithxgthexgsourcexgandxgtarget
language/culture
xg
•translatorsxgmayxgnotxgthinkxgaboutxgitemsxginxgsamexgwayxgasxgrespectivexgsourcexgandxgt
argetxglanguagexgmonolingualsxgandxgthusxgresultsxgmayxgnotxgbexggeneralizablexg
•worldxgviewsxgofxgtranslatorsxgmayxgnotxgrepresentxgthatxgofxgtargetxgpopulation
stepsxginvolvedxginxgdevelopingxgnewxgquestionnairexg-xgcorrectxganswer✔ ✔
•developxgquestionsxg(usexgliterature,xgbringxginxgexperts,xghavexgfocusxggroup)
xg xg xg xg xg
s and answers
xg xg
translationxg-
correctxganswer✔ ✔ producingxgaxglinguisticallyxgequivalentxgversionxgofxginstrumentxg
xg
inxganotherxglanguage
•conventionalxgterm,xgstillxginxguse
•1stxgstepxginxgprocessxgofxgpreparingxgtestxgforxgusexginxg2ndxglanguage/culture
adaptationxg-xgcorrectxganswer✔ ✔
translationxgofxginstrumentxgcoupledxgwithxgeffortxgtoxgmaximizexgitsxgculturalxgappropriate
nessxgandxgminimizexgbias
•morexgpopularxgterm,xgusedxginxgmodernxgtranslationxgpractices
•producesxginstrumentsxgthatxgmeasurexgtargetxgconstructsxgmorexgadequatelyxginxgtargetxg
cultures
•basedxgonxgsensitivityxgforxgnon-
linguisticxgfactors,xgsuchxgasxgculturalxgnormsxgandxgrelevancexgofxgthexginstrumentxgforxgth
exgtargetxgculture
reasonsxgforxgadaptingxgmeasuresxg-xgcorrectxganswer✔ ✔
•achievexgdifferentxglanguagexgversionsxgofxgthexginstrumentxgthatxgarexgconceptuallyxgeq
uivalentxginxgeachxgofxgthexgtargetxgcountries/culturesxg(WHO).xgfocusxgonxgcross-
culturalxgandxgconceptualxgratherxgthanxglinguistic/literalxgequivalence
•reducexgcosts,xgsavexgtimexginxgdevelopingxgnewxgtestsxgcheaperxgandxgfasterxgtoxgadaptxg
existingxgtestxgintoxg2ndxglanguagexgthanxgitxgisxgtoxgdevelopxgnewxgtest
4xgrecommendationsxgforxgqualityxgtestxgtranslationxg-xgcorrectxganswer✔ ✔
•usexgsimplexgsentences
, •avoidxgmetaphors,xgnoxgcolloquialisms
•avoidxgpassivexgvoice,xgusexgactivexgvoice
•avoidxghypotheticalxgphrasing
5xgqualitiesxgofxgtranslatorsxg-xgcorrectxganswer✔ ✔ •languagexgcompetence
•conscientiousness
•knowledgexgofxgsubjectxgmatter
•knowledgexgofxgtargetxgculturexg(2ndxglanguage)
•knowledgexgofxgtestxgconstruction
forwardxgadaptationxg-xgcorrectxganswer✔ ✔
sourcexgversionxgofxgtestxgtranslatedxgintoxgtargetxglanguagexgbyxgseveralxgtranslatorsxgw
orkingxgindividuallyxgorxginxgsmallxggroupsxgworkingxgindependently.xgeitherxgoriginalxgtransl
atorsxgorxgnewxggroupxgcreatexgbestxgsinglexgtranslation
backxgadaptationxg-xgcorrectxganswer✔ ✔
sourcexglanguagexgfirstxgtranslatedxgintoxgtargetxglanguagexgbyxgseveralxgtranslators,xgthe
nxgtranslatedxgbackxgintoxgoriginalxglanguagexgbyxgdifferentxgsetxgofxgtranslators.xgjudgesxgc
omparexgthexg2xgsourcexglanguagexgvariationsxgforxgerrors
3xgshortcomingsxg-xgcorrectxganswer✔ ✔
•difficultxgtoxgfindxgtranslatorsxgwhoxgarexgequallyxgfamiliarxgwithxgthexgsourcexgandxgtarget
language/culture
xg
•translatorsxgmayxgnotxgthinkxgaboutxgitemsxginxgsamexgwayxgasxgrespectivexgsourcexgandxgt
argetxglanguagexgmonolingualsxgandxgthusxgresultsxgmayxgnotxgbexggeneralizablexg
•worldxgviewsxgofxgtranslatorsxgmayxgnotxgrepresentxgthatxgofxgtargetxgpopulation
stepsxginvolvedxginxgdevelopingxgnewxgquestionnairexg-xgcorrectxganswer✔ ✔
•developxgquestionsxg(usexgliterature,xgbringxginxgexperts,xghavexgfocusxggroup)