Surgical Principles of Wound Management UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
1. What are the 4 1. Clean
classifications of 2. Clean-contaminated
wounds? 3. Contaminated
4. Dirty
2. Describe the - Elective, primarily closed, undrained
characteristics of - Non-traumatic, uninfected, no break in technique
a clean wound - No inflammation encountered
- Respiratory, alimentary and GI tracts no entered
3. What are ex- Skin tumour excision
amples of clean Laparotomy
wounds?
4. Describe the - Gi tract or respiratory tract entered without significant spillage
characteristics of - Oropharynx, vagina entered, genitourinary tract entered in the absence of urine
a clean-contami- - Minor break in technique
nated wound
5. What are ex- Ovariohysterectomy
amples of Uncomplicated GIT biopsy
a clean-contami-
nated wound?
6. Describe the - Major break in aseptic technique
characteristics of - Gross spillage from GI tract
a contaminated - Traumatic wound (<4 hours after trauma)
wound - Entrance of genitourinary or biliary tract in presence of infected urine or bile
7. What are exam- Spillage of GI contents during celiotomy
ples of a contam- Acute trauma
inated wound?
, 8. Describe the - Acute bacterial infection encountered
characteristics of - Transection of clean tissues for the purpose of surgical access to a collection of
a dirty wound pus
- Traumatic wound with retained devitalized tissues, foreign bodies, faecal conta-
mination
- Delayed treatment (>4 hours after trauma)
- Infected wounds (>10^5 CFUs)
9. What is an ex- Ruptured abscess
ample of a dirty
wound?
10. What is the goal To have an uneventful healing of a surgically created wound without:
of the 7 Hal- - Infection or dehiscence
stead Principles Want tissue to return to normal function
of Surgery?
11. What are Hal- 1. Atraumatic tissue handling
stead's 7 princi- 2. Meticulous haemorrhage control
ples of surgery? 3. Preserve blood supply to tissues
4. Strict aseptic technique
5. Minimise tension
6. Appose tissues accurately
7. Eliminate dead space
12. List some impor- - Use instruments properly
tant points for - Avoid crushing tissues when grasping, excessive dissection, excessive retraction,
atraumatic tissue sutures that are too tight
handling - Use stay sutures
- Keep tissues moist with lavage to avoid dessication
13. List some im- Haemorrhage --> Irritating to tissues, prevents apposition, delays wound healing,
portant points excellent medium for bacterial growth.
2/8
and CORRECT Answers
1. What are the 4 1. Clean
classifications of 2. Clean-contaminated
wounds? 3. Contaminated
4. Dirty
2. Describe the - Elective, primarily closed, undrained
characteristics of - Non-traumatic, uninfected, no break in technique
a clean wound - No inflammation encountered
- Respiratory, alimentary and GI tracts no entered
3. What are ex- Skin tumour excision
amples of clean Laparotomy
wounds?
4. Describe the - Gi tract or respiratory tract entered without significant spillage
characteristics of - Oropharynx, vagina entered, genitourinary tract entered in the absence of urine
a clean-contami- - Minor break in technique
nated wound
5. What are ex- Ovariohysterectomy
amples of Uncomplicated GIT biopsy
a clean-contami-
nated wound?
6. Describe the - Major break in aseptic technique
characteristics of - Gross spillage from GI tract
a contaminated - Traumatic wound (<4 hours after trauma)
wound - Entrance of genitourinary or biliary tract in presence of infected urine or bile
7. What are exam- Spillage of GI contents during celiotomy
ples of a contam- Acute trauma
inated wound?
, 8. Describe the - Acute bacterial infection encountered
characteristics of - Transection of clean tissues for the purpose of surgical access to a collection of
a dirty wound pus
- Traumatic wound with retained devitalized tissues, foreign bodies, faecal conta-
mination
- Delayed treatment (>4 hours after trauma)
- Infected wounds (>10^5 CFUs)
9. What is an ex- Ruptured abscess
ample of a dirty
wound?
10. What is the goal To have an uneventful healing of a surgically created wound without:
of the 7 Hal- - Infection or dehiscence
stead Principles Want tissue to return to normal function
of Surgery?
11. What are Hal- 1. Atraumatic tissue handling
stead's 7 princi- 2. Meticulous haemorrhage control
ples of surgery? 3. Preserve blood supply to tissues
4. Strict aseptic technique
5. Minimise tension
6. Appose tissues accurately
7. Eliminate dead space
12. List some impor- - Use instruments properly
tant points for - Avoid crushing tissues when grasping, excessive dissection, excessive retraction,
atraumatic tissue sutures that are too tight
handling - Use stay sutures
- Keep tissues moist with lavage to avoid dessication
13. List some im- Haemorrhage --> Irritating to tissues, prevents apposition, delays wound healing,
portant points excellent medium for bacterial growth.
2/8
