SCIE 326 - Chapter 5 - chapter 8
Question and answer 100% correct 2025
What is not science? - correct answer ✔-Bad science, in recognition of
poorly executed experiments are filtered by peer reviews and evaluation.
Irving Langmuir characteristic for pathological science - correct answer ✔-
experimental effects observed remain in place of detectability or require
measurements due to low statistical significance.
-the observed effect seems to be independent of causes.
-the accuracy of the experiments are exceptionally high.
-the results seem to display revolutionary consequences
-the results contradict all criticism.
-the results may attract as many supporters as it does critics, but dies down
when results cannot be continuously produced.
Nicholas J Turro has 9 characteristics to avoid bad science - correct answer
✔1. always generate and test several plausible hypotheses
2. use imaginative experimental design to increase objectivity and decrease
the chance of artifacts.
3. follow the best paradigm until it needs to be revised
4. be conservative with statistical significance and margin of error.
5. reproduce results many times.
6. discuss surprising results with peers and make construction when offered.
7. when discussing results with non-scientists be modest about results found.
8. if results are shown wrong, accept it and move on
9. try to think of ways to falsify the experiment
,How pathological science is likely to occur - correct answer ✔-it is likely to
occur when you do not follow Feyman's statement "the first principle is that
you must not fool yourself, as you are the easiest person to fool"
cargo cults - correct answer ✔-it is a type of non-science, where the forms of
scientific practice are imitated with little understanding of actual nature.
-only shows up in fields that just introduced scientific methods.
-Parapsychology is an example of this because it is not yet a science nor is it
a pseudoscience.
-the world "cargo cult" came from WW11 when they established air bases on
islands for supply chains, and cargo was passed through here for some of the
natives.
-when the war ended, the native tried to bring back the cargo by building large
structures for look out, known as the "cult movement"
crackpot science - correct answer ✔-promotes a crackpot beliefs, claim to
make a revolutionary discovery that violates all scientific discovery.
-Descriptions of this discovery are usually earth shattering, and secrecy is
necessary to avoid anyone stealing their ideas.
-other crackpot ideas come from contradicting a theory that is already deemed
true, such as the earth is flat.
-this can be seen as modern day cults
Pseudoscience - correct answer ✔-A fake or false science that makes claims
based on little or no scientific evidence.
-it wants to give itself some science respectability, but involves using
imaginary data that encompass all things.
-many pseudosciences exist in the book by Lee and Derry where astrology,
creationism and cosmetology exist.
, Creationism - correct answer ✔-the belief that God created the world and
everything in it, usually in the way described in the Bible.
-Creation scientists add to the cargo cult and pseudoscience where they seem
to be following science but are not.
-they attempt to show evidence that discredits their opponents beliefs, such as
human evolution.
-"the argument of ignorance" is the logical fallacy that a proposition must be
true because there is no evidence proving it to be false.
The God of gaps argument - correct answer ✔-modern science has not
explained X, there fore X cannot be explained by modern science.
-for example, Creationists will argue that science has not explained how
humans were born from living matter and therefore the creator exists.
Why creationism is a pseudoscience - correct answer ✔-it is a
pseudoscience because it abuses the practice of science in support of religion
based on a belief system incapable with the practice of science.
Azande Witchcraft - correct answer ✔-The Azande believed witchcraft was a
science, and believed all events in the world were controlled by witchcraft.
Any misfortunes or daily tasks were seen as witchcraft.
-the poison oracle was consulted when seeking the events of misfortune or
seek advice for the event.
-the plant derived was called beige and was prepared in 2 batches, the first
was fed to the chicken with yes or no answer, and was answered by the
chicken living or dying. the second batch was given to another chicken with
the answers opposite to see if it gave the same answer.
-this is a form of hypothesis testing
Question and answer 100% correct 2025
What is not science? - correct answer ✔-Bad science, in recognition of
poorly executed experiments are filtered by peer reviews and evaluation.
Irving Langmuir characteristic for pathological science - correct answer ✔-
experimental effects observed remain in place of detectability or require
measurements due to low statistical significance.
-the observed effect seems to be independent of causes.
-the accuracy of the experiments are exceptionally high.
-the results seem to display revolutionary consequences
-the results contradict all criticism.
-the results may attract as many supporters as it does critics, but dies down
when results cannot be continuously produced.
Nicholas J Turro has 9 characteristics to avoid bad science - correct answer
✔1. always generate and test several plausible hypotheses
2. use imaginative experimental design to increase objectivity and decrease
the chance of artifacts.
3. follow the best paradigm until it needs to be revised
4. be conservative with statistical significance and margin of error.
5. reproduce results many times.
6. discuss surprising results with peers and make construction when offered.
7. when discussing results with non-scientists be modest about results found.
8. if results are shown wrong, accept it and move on
9. try to think of ways to falsify the experiment
,How pathological science is likely to occur - correct answer ✔-it is likely to
occur when you do not follow Feyman's statement "the first principle is that
you must not fool yourself, as you are the easiest person to fool"
cargo cults - correct answer ✔-it is a type of non-science, where the forms of
scientific practice are imitated with little understanding of actual nature.
-only shows up in fields that just introduced scientific methods.
-Parapsychology is an example of this because it is not yet a science nor is it
a pseudoscience.
-the world "cargo cult" came from WW11 when they established air bases on
islands for supply chains, and cargo was passed through here for some of the
natives.
-when the war ended, the native tried to bring back the cargo by building large
structures for look out, known as the "cult movement"
crackpot science - correct answer ✔-promotes a crackpot beliefs, claim to
make a revolutionary discovery that violates all scientific discovery.
-Descriptions of this discovery are usually earth shattering, and secrecy is
necessary to avoid anyone stealing their ideas.
-other crackpot ideas come from contradicting a theory that is already deemed
true, such as the earth is flat.
-this can be seen as modern day cults
Pseudoscience - correct answer ✔-A fake or false science that makes claims
based on little or no scientific evidence.
-it wants to give itself some science respectability, but involves using
imaginary data that encompass all things.
-many pseudosciences exist in the book by Lee and Derry where astrology,
creationism and cosmetology exist.
, Creationism - correct answer ✔-the belief that God created the world and
everything in it, usually in the way described in the Bible.
-Creation scientists add to the cargo cult and pseudoscience where they seem
to be following science but are not.
-they attempt to show evidence that discredits their opponents beliefs, such as
human evolution.
-"the argument of ignorance" is the logical fallacy that a proposition must be
true because there is no evidence proving it to be false.
The God of gaps argument - correct answer ✔-modern science has not
explained X, there fore X cannot be explained by modern science.
-for example, Creationists will argue that science has not explained how
humans were born from living matter and therefore the creator exists.
Why creationism is a pseudoscience - correct answer ✔-it is a
pseudoscience because it abuses the practice of science in support of religion
based on a belief system incapable with the practice of science.
Azande Witchcraft - correct answer ✔-The Azande believed witchcraft was a
science, and believed all events in the world were controlled by witchcraft.
Any misfortunes or daily tasks were seen as witchcraft.
-the poison oracle was consulted when seeking the events of misfortune or
seek advice for the event.
-the plant derived was called beige and was prepared in 2 batches, the first
was fed to the chicken with yes or no answer, and was answered by the
chicken living or dying. the second batch was given to another chicken with
the answers opposite to see if it gave the same answer.
-this is a form of hypothesis testing
