CSO Exam| 142 questions| with complete
solutions
Ageusia ...ANSWER...Loss or absence of the sense of taste
Allogenic marrow transplantation ...ANSWER...Transfer of marrow from donor to another person who is
not genetically identical
Antineoplastic agents ...ANSWER...Chemical agents (cytotoxics, immuniologic preparations, hormones)
or meds used to prevent the development, maturation or spread of neoplastic cells
antioxidants ...ANSWER...molecules (ie. vitamins) that blcok action of activated oxygen molecules (free
radicals) that can demage cells
antologous marrow transplantation ...ANSWER...transfer of marrow from the pt's own tissue (from
hematopietic stem cells)
cancer cachexia ...ANSWER...wt loss, anorexia, wasting, immunosuppression, altered BMR, abnormalitis
in fluid & energy metabolism, lessening of the body's fat & muscle stores that accompanies advanced CA
even with adequate nutrition.
carcinogen ...ANSWER...an agent (physical, chemical, or viral) that induces CA
carcinogenesis ...ANSWER...the origin or development of CA, a multistage, biological process that
proceeds on a continuum but is often described in stages of initiation, promotion and progression
,cytokines ...ANSWER...protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response to exogenous
stimuli, produce metabolic changes & wating
dysgeusia ...ANSWER...impaired taste
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) ...ANSWER...a dz caused by the immune response of
histoincompatible, immunocompetent donor cells against the tissues of an immunoincompetent host;
an immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting against the pt (host) tissues
evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need total bowel rest
--> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose, fiber, fat & acideity, gastric
irritants --> regular diet
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
hypogeusia ...ANSWER...decreased taste acuity
initiation ...ANSWER...the initial stage of tumorigenesis, involving transformation of cellular DNA
malignant neoplasm ...ANSWER...mass of CA cells that invades surrounding tissues or spreads to distant
areas of body
metastasis ...ANSWER...growth of malignant tissue that spreads to surrounding tissue or organs
myelosuppression ...ANSWER...suppression of bone marrow cell production
neutropenia ...ANSWER...a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by chemo or XRT, results
in increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections
pancytopenia ...ANSWER...a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood
phytochemicals ...ANSWER...nonutritive compounds in plants though to influence the process of
tumorigenesis
,progression ...ANSWER...the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow autonomously and form benign
tumors that eventually lead to malignant phenotype with the capacity for tissue invasion & mets
Promotion ...ANSWER...The stage of tumorigenesis in which initiated cells are activated by a promoting
agent to multiply and form a discrete tumor
radiation-induced enteritis ...ANSWER...a condition of inflammation that can occur after XRT to the GI
tract & that leads to diarrhea & malabsorption
staging ...ANSWER...a classification system known as TNM that is used to identify the "extent" of the
tumor: its size, the degree of growth & spread; T - size of tumor, N- degree of spread to lymph nodes; M-
presence of mets
Tumor necrosis factor ...ANSWER...(cachectin, interluckin-1, interleukin-6, interferon-y); a hormone-like
protein that releases fat from fat stores, reduces the concentration of enzymes required for the
production and storage of fat & induces a stage of anorexia
veno-occlusive disease (VOD) ...ANSWER...- transplant related complication
- a symptomatic occlusion of the small hepatic venules caused by hepatotoxins & XRT; may resolve after
removal of the offending agent or may progress to portal HTN & liver failure
- 1-3 wks post transplant
-hepatomegaly, ascites, jaundice, hepatic failure, encephalopathy & multi-organ failure
Xerostomia ...ANSWER...mouth dryness
Halal diet ...ANSWER...Muslim. Designating any object or an action which is permissible to use or engage
in, according to Islamic law.
No Rare meat, ETOH, or any intoxicant, Pork and its by-products such as bacon and lard
Kosher diet ...ANSWER...Jewish dietary laws. There are three categories of Kosher food - Meat, Dairy and
Parve (or Pareve).
, Rules:
No Mixing meat with milk, Pork, Shellfish, Bloody meat
Pesah (Passover) - prohibition on eating leavened bread or derivatives
Macrobiotic diet ...ANSWER...Avoid animal products including dairy, eggs, coffee, sugar, poultry, and
processed foods.
No "nightshade vegetables" including potato, peppers and eggplant
Diet may be deficient in protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and calcium
50-60% from whole grains, 25-30% from veg, remaining from beans, seaweed, soups
Seventh-Day Adventist: ...ANSWER...Lacto-ovo vegetarian diet
Avoid: beef, lamb, pork, chicken, seafood, coffee, tea and alcohol
Diet may be deficient in protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and calcium
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter -Day Saints (Mormons) ...ANSWER...No alcohol, coffee or tea
Anticipatory nausea and vomiting ...ANSWER...occurs prior to the beginning of a new cycle of
chemotherapy. This occurs after the patient has experienced N&V from an earlier chemotherapy
treatment.
Acute nausea and vomiting ...ANSWER...occurs during the first 24-hours after chemotherapy.
Delayed nausea and vomiting: ...ANSWER...occurs more than 24 hours after chemotherapy. Patients at
highest risk for delayed N&V include those receiving cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, doxorubicin and
ifosfamide.
Chemotherapy agents are categorized according to their potential to induce nausea &
vomiting. ...ANSWER...High risk >90%
Moderate risk 30-90%
solutions
Ageusia ...ANSWER...Loss or absence of the sense of taste
Allogenic marrow transplantation ...ANSWER...Transfer of marrow from donor to another person who is
not genetically identical
Antineoplastic agents ...ANSWER...Chemical agents (cytotoxics, immuniologic preparations, hormones)
or meds used to prevent the development, maturation or spread of neoplastic cells
antioxidants ...ANSWER...molecules (ie. vitamins) that blcok action of activated oxygen molecules (free
radicals) that can demage cells
antologous marrow transplantation ...ANSWER...transfer of marrow from the pt's own tissue (from
hematopietic stem cells)
cancer cachexia ...ANSWER...wt loss, anorexia, wasting, immunosuppression, altered BMR, abnormalitis
in fluid & energy metabolism, lessening of the body's fat & muscle stores that accompanies advanced CA
even with adequate nutrition.
carcinogen ...ANSWER...an agent (physical, chemical, or viral) that induces CA
carcinogenesis ...ANSWER...the origin or development of CA, a multistage, biological process that
proceeds on a continuum but is often described in stages of initiation, promotion and progression
,cytokines ...ANSWER...protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response to exogenous
stimuli, produce metabolic changes & wating
dysgeusia ...ANSWER...impaired taste
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) ...ANSWER...a dz caused by the immune response of
histoincompatible, immunocompetent donor cells against the tissues of an immunoincompetent host;
an immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting against the pt (host) tissues
evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need total bowel rest
--> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose, fiber, fat & acideity, gastric
irritants --> regular diet
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
hypogeusia ...ANSWER...decreased taste acuity
initiation ...ANSWER...the initial stage of tumorigenesis, involving transformation of cellular DNA
malignant neoplasm ...ANSWER...mass of CA cells that invades surrounding tissues or spreads to distant
areas of body
metastasis ...ANSWER...growth of malignant tissue that spreads to surrounding tissue or organs
myelosuppression ...ANSWER...suppression of bone marrow cell production
neutropenia ...ANSWER...a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by chemo or XRT, results
in increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections
pancytopenia ...ANSWER...a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood
phytochemicals ...ANSWER...nonutritive compounds in plants though to influence the process of
tumorigenesis
,progression ...ANSWER...the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow autonomously and form benign
tumors that eventually lead to malignant phenotype with the capacity for tissue invasion & mets
Promotion ...ANSWER...The stage of tumorigenesis in which initiated cells are activated by a promoting
agent to multiply and form a discrete tumor
radiation-induced enteritis ...ANSWER...a condition of inflammation that can occur after XRT to the GI
tract & that leads to diarrhea & malabsorption
staging ...ANSWER...a classification system known as TNM that is used to identify the "extent" of the
tumor: its size, the degree of growth & spread; T - size of tumor, N- degree of spread to lymph nodes; M-
presence of mets
Tumor necrosis factor ...ANSWER...(cachectin, interluckin-1, interleukin-6, interferon-y); a hormone-like
protein that releases fat from fat stores, reduces the concentration of enzymes required for the
production and storage of fat & induces a stage of anorexia
veno-occlusive disease (VOD) ...ANSWER...- transplant related complication
- a symptomatic occlusion of the small hepatic venules caused by hepatotoxins & XRT; may resolve after
removal of the offending agent or may progress to portal HTN & liver failure
- 1-3 wks post transplant
-hepatomegaly, ascites, jaundice, hepatic failure, encephalopathy & multi-organ failure
Xerostomia ...ANSWER...mouth dryness
Halal diet ...ANSWER...Muslim. Designating any object or an action which is permissible to use or engage
in, according to Islamic law.
No Rare meat, ETOH, or any intoxicant, Pork and its by-products such as bacon and lard
Kosher diet ...ANSWER...Jewish dietary laws. There are three categories of Kosher food - Meat, Dairy and
Parve (or Pareve).
, Rules:
No Mixing meat with milk, Pork, Shellfish, Bloody meat
Pesah (Passover) - prohibition on eating leavened bread or derivatives
Macrobiotic diet ...ANSWER...Avoid animal products including dairy, eggs, coffee, sugar, poultry, and
processed foods.
No "nightshade vegetables" including potato, peppers and eggplant
Diet may be deficient in protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and calcium
50-60% from whole grains, 25-30% from veg, remaining from beans, seaweed, soups
Seventh-Day Adventist: ...ANSWER...Lacto-ovo vegetarian diet
Avoid: beef, lamb, pork, chicken, seafood, coffee, tea and alcohol
Diet may be deficient in protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and calcium
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter -Day Saints (Mormons) ...ANSWER...No alcohol, coffee or tea
Anticipatory nausea and vomiting ...ANSWER...occurs prior to the beginning of a new cycle of
chemotherapy. This occurs after the patient has experienced N&V from an earlier chemotherapy
treatment.
Acute nausea and vomiting ...ANSWER...occurs during the first 24-hours after chemotherapy.
Delayed nausea and vomiting: ...ANSWER...occurs more than 24 hours after chemotherapy. Patients at
highest risk for delayed N&V include those receiving cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, doxorubicin and
ifosfamide.
Chemotherapy agents are categorized according to their potential to induce nausea &
vomiting. ...ANSWER...High risk >90%
Moderate risk 30-90%
