MMSC 490 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
allele Correct Answers -single gene copy (i.e. Y or y)
-one is inherited from each parent to produce a full gene
amino acids structure Correct Answers carbon atom bonded to
carbonyl group (COO), amino group (NH3), a hydrogen atom
and a side chain
antibodies Correct Answers -proteins produced by immune
system cells that react against antigens
-can be used as protein probes
bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors Correct Answers
-PCR vector used with larger DNA fragments
-DNA is introduced into a naturally occurring plasmid of E. coli,
the F factor
bacterial genome Correct Answers -most of the DNA encodes
proteins
bacteriophage P1 vectors Correct Answers -PCR vector used
with larger DNA fragments
-recombinant molecules are packaged in vitro into the p1
bacteriophage and is replicated as plasmids inside of E. Coli
bioinformatics Correct Answers use of computational methods
to analyze and extract biological information from data of
genome sequencing and proteonomics
,bright-field microscopy Correct Answers -tool used to
visualize cells in which light passes directly through the cell
-cells are preserved with fixatives and stained (CANNOT be
used to study living cells)
carbohydrates Correct Answers -simple sugars and
polysaccharides
-serve as major nutrients of cells and surface markers
-composed of C, H and O
cell membrane Correct Answers -composed of phospholipids,
with insertions of proteins, glycolipids and cholesterol
-present as plasma membrane and membranes surrounding
organelles such as nuclei, mitochondrion, etc.
-selectively permeable
-molecules in the membrane freely rotate and move
cell wall Correct Answers -organelle of bacteria and plants
-rigid layer composed of carbohydrates and proteins
-porous and easily penetrated
cellular mechanisms of generating energy Correct Answers -
glycolysis: produces small amount of ATP in anaerobic
environment
-photosynthesis: harnesses energy from sunlight to produce own
organic molecules and produces oxygen in atmosphere
-oxidative metabolism: yields 36-38 ATP
central dogma Correct Answers -DNA is copied to RNA
during transcription
-RNA is copied to proteins in translation
, chimpanzee Correct Answers -genome is 99% identical to
humans
-sequence differs by coding sequences for proteins, making the
proteins different to human proteins
chloroplasts Correct Answers -organelles of plant cells
-site of photosynthesis
cholesterol Correct Answers -four hydrocarbon rings with one
hydroxyl (OH) group that is weakly polar making the molecule
amphipathic
-present in cell membranes to maintain fluidity
-steroid hormones are derived from this
confocal microscopy Correct Answers -tool using a single
point in the specimens to analyze fluorescence and increase
contrast and detail
-produces 2D images of plane of focus with very sharp images
cosmid vectors Correct Answers -PCR vector used with larger
DNA fragments
-contains bacteriophage lambda sequences, origins of replication
and genes for antibiotic resistance
-allows DNA to be replicated as plasmids within bacterial E.
coli cells
CRISPR/Cas Correct Answers target gene mutations are
introduced into mammalian cells
-synthetic RNA molecule and Cas identify specific target
sequences and proteins cleave the DNA
allele Correct Answers -single gene copy (i.e. Y or y)
-one is inherited from each parent to produce a full gene
amino acids structure Correct Answers carbon atom bonded to
carbonyl group (COO), amino group (NH3), a hydrogen atom
and a side chain
antibodies Correct Answers -proteins produced by immune
system cells that react against antigens
-can be used as protein probes
bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors Correct Answers
-PCR vector used with larger DNA fragments
-DNA is introduced into a naturally occurring plasmid of E. coli,
the F factor
bacterial genome Correct Answers -most of the DNA encodes
proteins
bacteriophage P1 vectors Correct Answers -PCR vector used
with larger DNA fragments
-recombinant molecules are packaged in vitro into the p1
bacteriophage and is replicated as plasmids inside of E. Coli
bioinformatics Correct Answers use of computational methods
to analyze and extract biological information from data of
genome sequencing and proteonomics
,bright-field microscopy Correct Answers -tool used to
visualize cells in which light passes directly through the cell
-cells are preserved with fixatives and stained (CANNOT be
used to study living cells)
carbohydrates Correct Answers -simple sugars and
polysaccharides
-serve as major nutrients of cells and surface markers
-composed of C, H and O
cell membrane Correct Answers -composed of phospholipids,
with insertions of proteins, glycolipids and cholesterol
-present as plasma membrane and membranes surrounding
organelles such as nuclei, mitochondrion, etc.
-selectively permeable
-molecules in the membrane freely rotate and move
cell wall Correct Answers -organelle of bacteria and plants
-rigid layer composed of carbohydrates and proteins
-porous and easily penetrated
cellular mechanisms of generating energy Correct Answers -
glycolysis: produces small amount of ATP in anaerobic
environment
-photosynthesis: harnesses energy from sunlight to produce own
organic molecules and produces oxygen in atmosphere
-oxidative metabolism: yields 36-38 ATP
central dogma Correct Answers -DNA is copied to RNA
during transcription
-RNA is copied to proteins in translation
, chimpanzee Correct Answers -genome is 99% identical to
humans
-sequence differs by coding sequences for proteins, making the
proteins different to human proteins
chloroplasts Correct Answers -organelles of plant cells
-site of photosynthesis
cholesterol Correct Answers -four hydrocarbon rings with one
hydroxyl (OH) group that is weakly polar making the molecule
amphipathic
-present in cell membranes to maintain fluidity
-steroid hormones are derived from this
confocal microscopy Correct Answers -tool using a single
point in the specimens to analyze fluorescence and increase
contrast and detail
-produces 2D images of plane of focus with very sharp images
cosmid vectors Correct Answers -PCR vector used with larger
DNA fragments
-contains bacteriophage lambda sequences, origins of replication
and genes for antibiotic resistance
-allows DNA to be replicated as plasmids within bacterial E.
coli cells
CRISPR/Cas Correct Answers target gene mutations are
introduced into mammalian cells
-synthetic RNA molecule and Cas identify specific target
sequences and proteins cleave the DNA
