APWH UNIT 1 (Part 1)
REFERENCE SHEET
EAST ASIA: Political Innovations/Tec Economics Cultural Environment Society
OVERVIEW BY h
THEME
CHINA -Song Dynasty Agricultural Internal Trade -Confucianism -Location: China -Scholar gentry
Rules through: -Grand Canal -Grand Canal -Buddhism/Daoism -Resources: Coal -Farmers
-Bureaucracy -Champa Rice -Proto-Industrializatio -Neo-Confucianism -Close to: tributary -Artisans
-Meritocracy -Manure, irrigation n -Technology, states, -Merchants
-Civil Service Exam systems, heavy plows External Trade literature, visual arts South China Sea, -Peasants/urban poor
-More food = more -Silk Roads thrived (well educated canal networks, Silk -Patriarchy
people -South China Sea population, contact Trade Routes -Foot binding (1912
Other -Porcelain, textile, with foreigners) end)
-Gunpowder/guns and tea -Woodblock printing, -Filial piety
-Steel -Tributary system paper used for
-Compass -Charged taxes to literature
-Paper, woodblock build routes/control
printing trade
JAPAN, KOREA, VIETNAM: How similar/different to China? OVERVIEW AND DECLINE of SONG DYNASTY CHINA
JAPAN Song Dynasty China utilized trained officials in their government. Even
-SIMILAR BECAUSE: learned Buddhism and Confucianism and woodblock printing from peasants were allowed to study for and take the exams, leading to
China, copied Chinese traditions in politics, art, literature during Heian Period social mobility for those who could afford the time to study. The society
-BUT: continued traditional Shinto religion, wrote first novel: Tale of Genji, organized in a feudal itself was a patriarchy, with themes of filial piety and Confucian style
system where landowning aristocrats (daimyo) battled for control of land while majority of respect. Upper class women were subjected to foot binding, a form of
workers were farmers, lacked central government until 17th century, since after Heian court a beauty and upper class status.
new family took over and installed a shogun (military ruler) weakening the emperor The Song Dynasty had a lot of innovations, many of which moved
KOREA across the Silk Roads as far as Europe. Things like gunpowder, guns
-SIMILAR BECAUSE: geographically close to China, so copied a lot of political and cultural themselves, and paper/woodblock printing have a huge impact on other
traits, centralized government (like China), adopted Confucian (educated elite) and Buddhist societies. The compass, ironically, will lead to the decline of the Silk
(peasant masses) beliefs , adopted Chinese writing system Roads as it helps navigation of the seas.
-BUT: kept their own language structure, gave up Chinese writing system for their own in 15th At this point in history, China is trading a lot outside its borders,
century, politically, aristocracy was more powerful in Korea than China, so prevented lots of expanding its influence into Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Eventually
reforms they didn’t like (for instance opening the civil service exam to peasants - Korea said overwhelming corruption, issues with infrastructure, and invasions by
no) the Mongols will lead to the decline of the Song Dynasty, and major
VIETNAM changes in China itself.
-SIMILAR BECAUSE: adapted Chinese writing system and architectural style
-BUT: least sinified of the three, rebelled against China often, Vietnamese women had greater
independence, preferred nuclear families, no political centralization, rejected social practices
like foot binding and polygyny
, DAR AL Political Innovations/Tech Economics Cultural Environment Society
ISLAM:
OVERVIEW BY
THEME
ISLAMIC -Abbasid -Golden Age -Trade Leads to: -Followers of -Location: Middle -Merchants hold
EMPIRE Caliphate -House of Wisdom in -Spread of Islam Islam (Shia, East, religion high status
(Cultural -Later Baghdad (center of -Spread of Sunni, Sufi) spreads into South -Slavery allowed
empire) -Mamluk, Seljuk learning between technology -Tolerant of other Asia/Southeast but could not
Turks, Delhi cultures) -Rise in religions and Asia enslave Muslims
Sultanate -Ex. Nasir al-Din knowledge cultures, women -Position helped or protected
-Evolves into al-Tusi’s contributions -Diffusion of -Importance of link Afro-Eurasia peopls (Jews,
Ottoman Empire in astronomy, law, culture learning helps -Location allows for Christians,
(Turkey), Safavid logic, ethics, math, -Trade Routes usher in major centers of Zoroastrians)
Empire (Persia), medicine Include: renaissance learning like -Women had
Mughal Empire -Al-Andalus (Islamic -Silk Roads -Adopted paper Baghdad and higher status than
(India) control of Spain) -Trans Saharan making from Cordoba Christian or
also a center of Trade Route China -Use of waterways Jewish women:
learning -Indian Ocean -Literature and leads to advances could inherit,
-Cordoba (capital) Network poetry, ex. in sailing, divorce, birth
had largest library ’A’ishah navigation control, could
-They Contribute to: al-Ba’uniyyah’s testify in court
-Math, medicine, contributions to -Limited as wives,
philosophy, law, poetry concubines
astronomy, etc. -Typically tolerant,
-Their studies of focused on the 5
Greek/Latin works Pillars of Islam
preserves those for and so focused on
the Renaissance/ spreading through
and Scientific trade,
Revolution missionaries, but
not forced
conversion
OVERVIEW DECLINE
The Islamic Empire included culturally Islamic regions The Islamic Empire faces several challenges, specifically
throughout the Middle East and eventually farther. While from its own groups. Eventually, however, the Mongols
there will be different political systems of leadership, culturally will take over the Islamic Empire, changing it slowly until
this empire is very similar. It tends to spread through trade, they themselves are overthrown. The Islamic Empire will
missionaries, and conquering, yet treats conquered territories then be split into three sections - the Ottoman Empire,
with tolerance. Protected people had to pay a tax rather than
Safavid Empire, and Mughal Empire.
convert, and slaves could be free by buying their freedom or
conversion to Islam.
Islam itself focused on education, leading to medical
advancements, as well as advancements in mathematics,
literature, and law. If not for the Islamic Empire, the
Renaissance may never have occurred. If not for their
connection across much of the world, many cultures would
not have been able to share their knowledge and practices to
one another.
REFERENCE SHEET
EAST ASIA: Political Innovations/Tec Economics Cultural Environment Society
OVERVIEW BY h
THEME
CHINA -Song Dynasty Agricultural Internal Trade -Confucianism -Location: China -Scholar gentry
Rules through: -Grand Canal -Grand Canal -Buddhism/Daoism -Resources: Coal -Farmers
-Bureaucracy -Champa Rice -Proto-Industrializatio -Neo-Confucianism -Close to: tributary -Artisans
-Meritocracy -Manure, irrigation n -Technology, states, -Merchants
-Civil Service Exam systems, heavy plows External Trade literature, visual arts South China Sea, -Peasants/urban poor
-More food = more -Silk Roads thrived (well educated canal networks, Silk -Patriarchy
people -South China Sea population, contact Trade Routes -Foot binding (1912
Other -Porcelain, textile, with foreigners) end)
-Gunpowder/guns and tea -Woodblock printing, -Filial piety
-Steel -Tributary system paper used for
-Compass -Charged taxes to literature
-Paper, woodblock build routes/control
printing trade
JAPAN, KOREA, VIETNAM: How similar/different to China? OVERVIEW AND DECLINE of SONG DYNASTY CHINA
JAPAN Song Dynasty China utilized trained officials in their government. Even
-SIMILAR BECAUSE: learned Buddhism and Confucianism and woodblock printing from peasants were allowed to study for and take the exams, leading to
China, copied Chinese traditions in politics, art, literature during Heian Period social mobility for those who could afford the time to study. The society
-BUT: continued traditional Shinto religion, wrote first novel: Tale of Genji, organized in a feudal itself was a patriarchy, with themes of filial piety and Confucian style
system where landowning aristocrats (daimyo) battled for control of land while majority of respect. Upper class women were subjected to foot binding, a form of
workers were farmers, lacked central government until 17th century, since after Heian court a beauty and upper class status.
new family took over and installed a shogun (military ruler) weakening the emperor The Song Dynasty had a lot of innovations, many of which moved
KOREA across the Silk Roads as far as Europe. Things like gunpowder, guns
-SIMILAR BECAUSE: geographically close to China, so copied a lot of political and cultural themselves, and paper/woodblock printing have a huge impact on other
traits, centralized government (like China), adopted Confucian (educated elite) and Buddhist societies. The compass, ironically, will lead to the decline of the Silk
(peasant masses) beliefs , adopted Chinese writing system Roads as it helps navigation of the seas.
-BUT: kept their own language structure, gave up Chinese writing system for their own in 15th At this point in history, China is trading a lot outside its borders,
century, politically, aristocracy was more powerful in Korea than China, so prevented lots of expanding its influence into Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Eventually
reforms they didn’t like (for instance opening the civil service exam to peasants - Korea said overwhelming corruption, issues with infrastructure, and invasions by
no) the Mongols will lead to the decline of the Song Dynasty, and major
VIETNAM changes in China itself.
-SIMILAR BECAUSE: adapted Chinese writing system and architectural style
-BUT: least sinified of the three, rebelled against China often, Vietnamese women had greater
independence, preferred nuclear families, no political centralization, rejected social practices
like foot binding and polygyny
, DAR AL Political Innovations/Tech Economics Cultural Environment Society
ISLAM:
OVERVIEW BY
THEME
ISLAMIC -Abbasid -Golden Age -Trade Leads to: -Followers of -Location: Middle -Merchants hold
EMPIRE Caliphate -House of Wisdom in -Spread of Islam Islam (Shia, East, religion high status
(Cultural -Later Baghdad (center of -Spread of Sunni, Sufi) spreads into South -Slavery allowed
empire) -Mamluk, Seljuk learning between technology -Tolerant of other Asia/Southeast but could not
Turks, Delhi cultures) -Rise in religions and Asia enslave Muslims
Sultanate -Ex. Nasir al-Din knowledge cultures, women -Position helped or protected
-Evolves into al-Tusi’s contributions -Diffusion of -Importance of link Afro-Eurasia peopls (Jews,
Ottoman Empire in astronomy, law, culture learning helps -Location allows for Christians,
(Turkey), Safavid logic, ethics, math, -Trade Routes usher in major centers of Zoroastrians)
Empire (Persia), medicine Include: renaissance learning like -Women had
Mughal Empire -Al-Andalus (Islamic -Silk Roads -Adopted paper Baghdad and higher status than
(India) control of Spain) -Trans Saharan making from Cordoba Christian or
also a center of Trade Route China -Use of waterways Jewish women:
learning -Indian Ocean -Literature and leads to advances could inherit,
-Cordoba (capital) Network poetry, ex. in sailing, divorce, birth
had largest library ’A’ishah navigation control, could
-They Contribute to: al-Ba’uniyyah’s testify in court
-Math, medicine, contributions to -Limited as wives,
philosophy, law, poetry concubines
astronomy, etc. -Typically tolerant,
-Their studies of focused on the 5
Greek/Latin works Pillars of Islam
preserves those for and so focused on
the Renaissance/ spreading through
and Scientific trade,
Revolution missionaries, but
not forced
conversion
OVERVIEW DECLINE
The Islamic Empire included culturally Islamic regions The Islamic Empire faces several challenges, specifically
throughout the Middle East and eventually farther. While from its own groups. Eventually, however, the Mongols
there will be different political systems of leadership, culturally will take over the Islamic Empire, changing it slowly until
this empire is very similar. It tends to spread through trade, they themselves are overthrown. The Islamic Empire will
missionaries, and conquering, yet treats conquered territories then be split into three sections - the Ottoman Empire,
with tolerance. Protected people had to pay a tax rather than
Safavid Empire, and Mughal Empire.
convert, and slaves could be free by buying their freedom or
conversion to Islam.
Islam itself focused on education, leading to medical
advancements, as well as advancements in mathematics,
literature, and law. If not for the Islamic Empire, the
Renaissance may never have occurred. If not for their
connection across much of the world, many cultures would
not have been able to share their knowledge and practices to
one another.
