BIO1108 UNIT 5 EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) - Answer- Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine to shut
off the signal
Nicotinoid - Answer- Group of compounds that bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) - Answer- Neuron receptor proteins that
signal for muscular contraction
Agonist - Answer- Chemical that activates a receptor to produce a biological response
Immune mediated diseases - Answer- Conditions resulting from abnormal activity of the
body's immune system
Autoimmune diseases - Answer- Subset of immune-mediated diseases where the
immune system attacks the body
Multiple sclerosis (MS) - Answer- Immune-mediated process where the immune system
attacks the central nervous system
Myelin - Answer- Fatty substance that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers
Action potentials - Answer- Nervous system signals that propagate down the axon
Voltage gated ion channels - Answer- Transmembrane proteins that allow the
movement of ions across cellular membranes
Resting potential - Answer- Inherent voltage potential of cells in the body
Depolarization - Answer- Rapid change in electrical charge distribution within a cell
making it more positive
Hyperpolarization - Answer- Change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more
negative
Propagation down an axon - Answer- Sequential and unidirectional opening of sodium
channels that allows a signal to propagate
, Speeding up a signal - Answer- Insulating the axon with myelin to increase conduction
velocity
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - Answer- Part of the nervous system that includes
myelin in Schwann cells
Central nervous system (CNS) - Answer- Part of the nervous system that includes
myelin in oligodendrocytes
Saltatory conduction - Answer- Electrical impulse skipping from node to node down a
myelinated axon
Nodes of Ranvier - Answer- Gaps between myelin sheaths that contain voltage-gated
ion channels
Cells of the immune system - Answer- Stem cells, lymphocytes, granulocytes,
monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages
Stem cell - Answer- Undifferentiated cell that can develop into various types of cells
Lymphoid stem cell - Answer- Stem cell that gives rise to lymphocytes
Lymphocytes - Answer- White blood cells that play a central role in the immune
response
B cell progenitor - Answer- Stem cell that gives rise to B cells
Plasma cell - Answer- B cell that produces and secretes antibodies
Memory cell - Answer- B or T cell that remembers a specific antigen for future immune
responses
T cell progenitor - Answer- Stem cell that gives rise to T cells
Th cell - Answer- Helper T cell that augments the immune response
Tc cell - Answer- Cytotoxic T cell that directly attacks and destroys cells bearing
antigenic material
Natural killer cell - Answer- Less abundant T cell that kills infected or cancerous cells
Myeloid progenitor - Answer- Stem cell that gives rise to granulocytes, monocytes,
dendritic cells, and macrophages
Granulocytes - Answer- White blood cells that include neutrophils, eosinophils,
basophils, and mast cells
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) - Answer- Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine to shut
off the signal
Nicotinoid - Answer- Group of compounds that bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) - Answer- Neuron receptor proteins that
signal for muscular contraction
Agonist - Answer- Chemical that activates a receptor to produce a biological response
Immune mediated diseases - Answer- Conditions resulting from abnormal activity of the
body's immune system
Autoimmune diseases - Answer- Subset of immune-mediated diseases where the
immune system attacks the body
Multiple sclerosis (MS) - Answer- Immune-mediated process where the immune system
attacks the central nervous system
Myelin - Answer- Fatty substance that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers
Action potentials - Answer- Nervous system signals that propagate down the axon
Voltage gated ion channels - Answer- Transmembrane proteins that allow the
movement of ions across cellular membranes
Resting potential - Answer- Inherent voltage potential of cells in the body
Depolarization - Answer- Rapid change in electrical charge distribution within a cell
making it more positive
Hyperpolarization - Answer- Change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more
negative
Propagation down an axon - Answer- Sequential and unidirectional opening of sodium
channels that allows a signal to propagate
, Speeding up a signal - Answer- Insulating the axon with myelin to increase conduction
velocity
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - Answer- Part of the nervous system that includes
myelin in Schwann cells
Central nervous system (CNS) - Answer- Part of the nervous system that includes
myelin in oligodendrocytes
Saltatory conduction - Answer- Electrical impulse skipping from node to node down a
myelinated axon
Nodes of Ranvier - Answer- Gaps between myelin sheaths that contain voltage-gated
ion channels
Cells of the immune system - Answer- Stem cells, lymphocytes, granulocytes,
monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages
Stem cell - Answer- Undifferentiated cell that can develop into various types of cells
Lymphoid stem cell - Answer- Stem cell that gives rise to lymphocytes
Lymphocytes - Answer- White blood cells that play a central role in the immune
response
B cell progenitor - Answer- Stem cell that gives rise to B cells
Plasma cell - Answer- B cell that produces and secretes antibodies
Memory cell - Answer- B or T cell that remembers a specific antigen for future immune
responses
T cell progenitor - Answer- Stem cell that gives rise to T cells
Th cell - Answer- Helper T cell that augments the immune response
Tc cell - Answer- Cytotoxic T cell that directly attacks and destroys cells bearing
antigenic material
Natural killer cell - Answer- Less abundant T cell that kills infected or cancerous cells
Myeloid progenitor - Answer- Stem cell that gives rise to granulocytes, monocytes,
dendritic cells, and macrophages
Granulocytes - Answer- White blood cells that include neutrophils, eosinophils,
basophils, and mast cells
