NUR 140 Endocrine Study Guide Graded A 2025

1. What labs and levels tell you that someone has Hypothyroidism? Hyperthyroidism? TSH labs, T3, T4 with both hypo and hyperthyroidism TSH: 0.4-4.2 T4: 4.6-12 T3: low is less than 70mg/dL 2. Describe the symptoms of hypothyroidism. Describe what labs you might see and describe why. Which symptoms may you need to call the healthcare provider for? Hypothyroidism: everything is low. Cold, slow heart rate, fatigue, lethargic, constipation, dry skin, anorexia, LOW, weight loss, edema around the eyes. Can cause depression if it's not treated well. Slow slurred speech, weight gain. Hair loss, goiter. Look at heart rate to know if hypo or hyper. 3. What treatments are available for hypothyroidism? What are the advantages and disadvantages? Diet change: eat high bulk, low calories, encourage activity, maintain warm environment, stool softeners, to prevent myxedema coma, tell pt to continue meds even if symptoms subside. Maintain airway patent, give Synthroid, glucose, IV replacement, treat infection. 4. Describe the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Describe what labs you might see and describe why. Which symptoms may you need to call the healthcare provider for? Everything is high. High temp, high rate, protruding eyes, diarrhea, weight loss, flushing, high BP, tremors. Muscle wasting, use ointments preferred treatment at night. high T3, T4, low TSH. symptoms with cardiac function and body temp would be critical to call the provider. 5. What treatments are available for hyperthyroidism? What are the advantages and disadvantages? Monitoring vital signs, reducing stimulations, promoting comfort, antithyroid drugs PML, iodine, beta adrenergic blocking drugs for heart rate. Surgical management: remove half of full thyroid. Risks: hemorrhage, respiratory distress airway close, laryngeal nerve damage, thyroid crisis, vision problems of graves disease. Hypocalcemia. Radioactive Iodine can put the patient in hypothyroidism for the rest of their lives and must be on levothyroxine. 6. List the different types of insulins. When is onset? When do they peak? Rapid-Fasting: 1. Humalog/Lispro onset 15-30 mins. Peak 30-90 mins 2. Novolog/Aspart onset 10-20 mins. Peak 40 –50 mins 3. Apidra/Glulisine onset 20-30 mins. Peak 30-60 mins Short-acting: 1. Humulin/Novolin onset 30-60. Peak 2-5 hrs. Intermediate: 1. NPH onset 1-2 hrs. Peak 4-12 hr. Long-Acting: 1. Lantus onset 1-1.5 hrs. No peak 2. Levemir/detemir 1-2hrs. No peak 7. What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia? List in order of severity. Are there different symptoms based on glucose levels? Explain. Hyperglycemia: 100-125 prediabetes 126-250 diabetes DKA 250-600- pt is hyperventilation, fruity smell, acetone in urine. PH is lower than 7.3, Bicarb less than 18, positive anion gap. HHNS - 600 plus: profound dehydration, LOC, pH is more than 7.5, bicarb 15. Dehydrated Is FIRST, glucose levels are high, hungry, peeing a lot, flushed, thirsty a lot. increased HR. fatigue, vision problems. 3 polys. Polydipsia (thirsty), polyuria (peeing a lot), polyphagia (excessive hunger and food consumption)