NSG6020 / NSG 6020 Final Exam 2025 Questions and
Answers Updated () (Verified Answers)
1. Which of the following medications is most appropriate for treating
hypertension in a patient with chronic kidney disease?
A. Hydrochlorothiazide
B. Lisinopril
C. Metoprolol
D. Nifedipine
Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that helps slow progression of kidney
disease by decreasing glomerular pressure and proteinuria.
2. Which class of drugs is considered first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes
mellitus?
A. Sulfonylureas
B. Biguanides (e.g., metformin)
C. DPP-4 inhibitors
D. SGLT2 inhibitors
Metformin, a biguanide, is considered first-line therapy due to its
effectiveness, low cost, and safety profile.
, 3. Which antibiotic is contraindicated during pregnancy?
A. Cephalexin
B. Doxycycline
C. Amoxicillin
D. Azithromycin
Doxycycline can affect fetal bone growth and cause teeth discoloration;
it is contraindicated in pregnancy.
4. A patient is prescribed warfarin. Which lab value should be monitored
regularly?
A. aPTT
B. Bleeding time
C. INR
D. Platelet count
INR is used to monitor the therapeutic effects of warfarin and ensure
the patient is not at risk of bleeding.
5. Which of the following is an adverse effect of beta-blockers?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypertension
D. Insomnia
,Beta-blockers slow the heart rate, which can lead to bradycardia.
6. Which vaccine is contraindicated in an immunocompromised individual?
A. Influenza (inactivated)
B. Hepatitis B
C. MMR (live vaccine)
D. Tdap
Live vaccines like MMR are contraindicated in immunocompromised
patients due to the risk of causing disease.
7. A patient with atrial fibrillation is placed on digoxin. What symptom
indicates digoxin toxicity?
A. Hypertension
B. Visual disturbances (e.g., yellow halos)
C. Diarrhea
D. Euphoria
Visual disturbances, especially yellow-green halos, are classic signs of
digoxin toxicity.
8. Which antihypertensive medication is preferred in a Black adult patient
without chronic kidney disease?
, A. ACE inhibitors
B. ARBs
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Beta-blockers
Calcium channel blockers are more effective in Black patients due to
different pathophysiologic responses to RAAS blockers.
9. What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
A. Neutralize stomach acid
B. Stimulate mucosal secretion
C. Block H2 receptors
D. Inhibit the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzyme
PPIs inhibit the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzyme, reducing gastric
acid production.
10.Which drug class is most associated with the development of angioedema?
A. Beta-blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. ARBs
D. Diuretics
ACE inhibitors increase bradykinin levels, which can lead to
angioedema.
Answers Updated () (Verified Answers)
1. Which of the following medications is most appropriate for treating
hypertension in a patient with chronic kidney disease?
A. Hydrochlorothiazide
B. Lisinopril
C. Metoprolol
D. Nifedipine
Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that helps slow progression of kidney
disease by decreasing glomerular pressure and proteinuria.
2. Which class of drugs is considered first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes
mellitus?
A. Sulfonylureas
B. Biguanides (e.g., metformin)
C. DPP-4 inhibitors
D. SGLT2 inhibitors
Metformin, a biguanide, is considered first-line therapy due to its
effectiveness, low cost, and safety profile.
, 3. Which antibiotic is contraindicated during pregnancy?
A. Cephalexin
B. Doxycycline
C. Amoxicillin
D. Azithromycin
Doxycycline can affect fetal bone growth and cause teeth discoloration;
it is contraindicated in pregnancy.
4. A patient is prescribed warfarin. Which lab value should be monitored
regularly?
A. aPTT
B. Bleeding time
C. INR
D. Platelet count
INR is used to monitor the therapeutic effects of warfarin and ensure
the patient is not at risk of bleeding.
5. Which of the following is an adverse effect of beta-blockers?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypertension
D. Insomnia
,Beta-blockers slow the heart rate, which can lead to bradycardia.
6. Which vaccine is contraindicated in an immunocompromised individual?
A. Influenza (inactivated)
B. Hepatitis B
C. MMR (live vaccine)
D. Tdap
Live vaccines like MMR are contraindicated in immunocompromised
patients due to the risk of causing disease.
7. A patient with atrial fibrillation is placed on digoxin. What symptom
indicates digoxin toxicity?
A. Hypertension
B. Visual disturbances (e.g., yellow halos)
C. Diarrhea
D. Euphoria
Visual disturbances, especially yellow-green halos, are classic signs of
digoxin toxicity.
8. Which antihypertensive medication is preferred in a Black adult patient
without chronic kidney disease?
, A. ACE inhibitors
B. ARBs
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Beta-blockers
Calcium channel blockers are more effective in Black patients due to
different pathophysiologic responses to RAAS blockers.
9. What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
A. Neutralize stomach acid
B. Stimulate mucosal secretion
C. Block H2 receptors
D. Inhibit the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzyme
PPIs inhibit the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzyme, reducing gastric
acid production.
10.Which drug class is most associated with the development of angioedema?
A. Beta-blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. ARBs
D. Diuretics
ACE inhibitors increase bradykinin levels, which can lead to
angioedema.
