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1. A miner openly lives and prospects on a 20,000-acre ranch for 20 years. The owner then
removes him. The miner claims ownership. What is the likely outcome?
A. Denied, because the miner never paid rent
B. Denied, because the property is too large
C. Upheld, because the possession was not concealed
D. Upheld, because the miner was a tenant
✅ Correct Answer: C. Upheld, because the possession was not concealed
Rationale: Under adverse possession laws, open, continuous, and notorious use can lead to a
valid ownership claim after the statutory period.
2. A tenant pays a low rent but agrees to cover all operating expenses. This is an example of a:
A. Gross lease
B. Fixed lease
C. Net lease
D. Percentage lease
✅ Correct Answer: C. Net lease
Rationale: In a net lease, tenants pay base rent plus expenses like taxes, insurance, and
maintenance.
3. Under the Statute of Frauds, a five-year lease must be:
A. Oral to be enforceable
B. Agreed upon by handshake
C. Notarized
D. In writing to be enforceable
✅ Correct Answer: D. In writing to be enforceable
Rationale: Leases over one year must be in writing to be legally enforceable under the Statute
of Frauds.
,4. A property owner is required to have a shake roof due to:
A. Local fire codes
B. Homeowners association rules
C. City zoning laws
D. A deed restriction
✅ Correct Answer: D. A deed restriction
Rationale: Deed restrictions are private limitations on property use, often requiring specific
building materials or designs.
5. A master plan is best described as:
A. A blueprint for individual homes
B. A zoning permit system
C. A fusion of land use laws and local objectives
D. A list of building code requirements
✅ Correct Answer: C. A fusion of land use laws and local objectives
Rationale: A master plan integrates planning goals with regulations guiding community
development.
6. A zoning board may approve a variance if:
A. The property is near a school
B. The variance would lower taxes
C. It avoids undue and unjustified hardship
D. Neighbors agree to it
✅ Correct Answer: C. It avoids undue and unjustified hardship
Rationale: Variances are allowed when strict compliance with zoning laws imposes unnecessary
hardship on the owner.
7. What are the dimensions of a township?
A. 1 mile by 1 mile
B. 6 miles by 6 miles
C. 12 miles by 12 miles
D. 2.5 miles by 2.5 miles
✅ Correct Answer: B. 6 miles by 6 miles
Rationale: A township in the Public Land Survey System is 36 square miles, or 6 miles by 6 miles.
8. How many acres are in the W½ of the N½ of the NE¼ of Section 16?
A. 10 acres
B. 20 acres
, C. 40 acres
D. 80 acres
✅ Correct Answer: C. 40 acres
Rationale: Multiply: 640 (full section) × 1/4 × 1/2 × 1/2 = 40 acres.
9. Real estate is a unique economic product because:
A. It depreciates faster than other assets
B. It can’t be taxed
C. Its demand must come to the supply
D. Its supply moves to where demand is highest
✅ Correct Answer: C. Its demand must come to the supply
Rationale: Unlike movable goods, real estate is fixed in location—buyers must go to it.
10. A major factor influencing property demand is:
A. Availability of schools
B. Neighborhood aesthetics
C. Employment
D. Road conditions
✅ Correct Answer: C. Employment
Rationale: Employment levels drive both residential and commercial property demand in any
market.
11. If rents are declining in office properties in a market, it likely means:
A. Demand exceeds supply
B. Supply exceeds demand
C. Interest rates are low
D. Property taxes increased
✅ Correct Answer: B. Supply exceeds demand
Rationale: A surplus in available space leads to declining rents as landlords compete for tenants.
12. The highest and best use of a property is the use that is:
A. Fastest to develop
B. Environmentally friendly
C. Legal, feasible, and most productive
D. Least expensive
✅ Correct Answer: C. Legal, feasible, and most productive
Rationale: This is a core principle of real estate valuation and appraisal.
13. A strength of the sales comparison approach is that it:
A. Is quick to perform
B. Does not require adjustments