WGU D313 Anatomy and Physiology 2 Cardiovascular System Exam 2025

Where is the heart positioned? It is superior to the diaphragm it is medial to the lungs What is the cardiac muscle of the heart? Myocardium Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs? Left atrium The mitral (bicuspid) valve is between which chambers of the heart? Left atrium and left ventricle Which of the following valves is not found in the heart? Ileocecal valve Semilunar valves have 2 crescent-shaped cusps (t/f) False Which valve lies between the left ventricle and left aorta? Aortic valve The four heart valves prevents the backflow of blood (t/f) True Which structure prevents blood from flowing back into the atria on each side? Tricuspid and bicuspid valve Which structure is responsible for the sound of the human heartbeat? Valves Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium? Pulmonary veins Where are the elastic arteries located? Near the heart Medium veins do not have internal or elastic laminae and, therefore, are not able to withstand high pressure (t/f) True Which of the following types of veins contain valves? Medium veins Veins generally have very thick walls in relation to their diameter, with large lumen (t/f) False Which statements are true about veins? They lack smooth muscle WGU D313 WGU D313 Using this equation nfp = (bhp + ifop) - (bcop + ifhp), what change in the net filtration would one expect with an increase of blood hydrostatic pressure? Increase When would an active transport mechanism be necessary? When a substance must be moved against its concentration gradient Which blood vessel has a very small diameter and is involved in the circulation of blood to the capillaries? Arteriole Which blood vessel has the structural characteristics of both an arteriole and a capillary? Metarteriole Which type of artery has more smooth muscle content and less elastic fibers? Muscular artery Which type of capillaries has small pores present within them? Fenestrated capillaries How are arteries different than veins? Arteries carry blood away from the heart From which part of the aorta does the coronary arteries branch off? Ascending aorta What is unique about the pulmonary veins? They are the only veins that contain oxygenated blood Which blood vessel brings blood that is filtered through the hepatic portal system back to the heart? Inferior vena cava Blood from the digestive organs is transported to the liver by which vessel? The portal vein The liver has many functions Removes bacteria removes many toxins from the blood uses blood from digestive system for nutrient metabolism The ductus venosus is a shunt that allows mostly oxygenated blood from the placenta to flow into the fetal heart by bypassing which organ? The liver Which structures carry blood to the heart? Veins What is the function of superior vena cava? It helps in collecting all the deoxygenated blood WGU D313 WGU D313 Which structure carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs? Pulmonary artery How is the portal vein different from the hepatic vein? The portal vein enters the liver What is the ductus venosus? It is a small vessel it connects the umbilical vein to the fetal inferior vena cava What are the three branches of the aorta? Ascending, descending, and aortic arch The right and left common carotid arteries both branch from the brachiocephalic trunk? (t/f) False Arteries serving the stomach, pancreas, and liver branch from which artery? Celiac trunk Which vessel supplies blood to the stomach? Left gastric artery Which vessel does the femoral artery branch from? External iliac artery Which arteriogram in the human thorax and abdomen arises from the major part of the abdominal aorta? Celiac artery Which blood vessel serves most of the large intestines? Inferior mesenteric artery Which blood vessel supplies the right part of the transverse colon? Middle colic artery Where does the right common carotid branch originate? Brachiocephalic trunk The carotid artery gives rise to which arteries? Internal and external carotid arteries The arteries and veins supplying the head and neck arise from which major vessel of the heart? Ascending aorta The vertebral artery is a branch of which artery? Subclavian artery Which is the collateral arterial system at the base of the brain that ensures blood flow to both hemispheres in case of injury? The circle of willis Which artery branches directly off of the brachial artery? Radial Which artery is present near the shoulder joint? WGU D313 WGU D313 Axillary artery Which arteries form arches in the hand, forming enabling collateral circulation? Radial and ulnar arteries The internal iliac arteries and their branches supplies the blood for the lower extremities. (t/f) False Which artery passes under the inguinal ligament and travels through the thigh? Femoral artery Which vein is present in the elbow? Median cubital vein Which artery supplies the dorsum of the foot? Dorsal pedis Which blood vessel continues from the axillary artery and runs along the medial side of the arm? Brachial What is the function of the heart? Pumps oxygenated blood to the body tissues and carbon dioxide to the lungs Which valve opens during right atrial systole? Tricuspid What is the process called when the blood enters the heart at full capacity before getting released from it? Diastole Systole occurs when the heart chamber is relaxed and filling with blood. (t/f) False The first heart sound represents which event in the cardiac cycle? Atrial depolarization A person with chronic hypertension is likely to have which abnormal heart sound? S4 Which nerve helps in regulation of the heart beat? Vagus nerve What reduces the heart beat range? Parasympathetic stimulation Extreme emotional states cause an increase in hr due to which part of the autonomic nervous system? Sympathetic In which structure does the depolarization occur more frequently due to the presence of norepinephrine? Sinoatrial node What is the time required to complete one cardiac cycle in a human being? WGU D313 WGU D313 0.8 sec What is the name of the representation of cardiac conduction? Electrocardiogram How many average beats per minute is typical of a healthy person? 72 beats The bp will be the same if taken in the left and right arms, in the same position. Is this statement true or false? False Blood pressure is highest in which of the following vessels? Aorta What is the unit in which the blood pressure is measured? Mm hg Which structure gets pressure exerted on it from blood, leading to what is known as "blood pressure"? Artery wall If a person stands up after lying down, which reflex adjusts the bp to maintain blood flow levels? Proprioceptors The cardiovascular centers are located in which area of the brain? Medulla oblongata Which hormone will be secreted to increase red blood cells if a person travels to denver, the mile-high city? Erythropoeitin A person has been hiking in a national park on a very hot day and has run out of water. After another 6 hours, the person feels lightheaded and weak. Which type of shock is the person experiencing? Hypovolemic Which enzyme is necessary for the conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin i? Renin How would turbulent flow affect blood flow? Increased resistance, therefore smaller blood flow Which measurement is considered hypertension? 152/95 What does the chemoreceptor measure? Partial pressure of blood oxygen Which hormone will induce vasoconstriction with exercise? Antidiuretic hormone (adh) epinephrine WGU D313 WGU D313 Which statements are true about blood? It is a connective tissue it transports nutrients and gases Which blood cells transport oxygen around the body? Red blood cells Which 2 components of plasma produce the osmotic pressure to hold the water in the blood vessels? Albumin electrolytes Which one of the following types of cells is produced during erythropoiesis? Red blood cells Multipotent stem cells, which are known as hemocytoblasts True The earliest distinguishable red blood cell precursor is known as what? Proerythroblast Which cellular component of blood protects against infections and diseases? White blood cells What is the liquid component of the blood known as? Plasma If a person has a kidney failure, why will they have a low hematocrit? The kidney is not producing erythropoietin Which component in the blood is important in blood clotting? Platelets When a blood clot is formed in the circulatory system, what is it known as? Thrombus formation What helps the blood to clot when the blood vessels get damaged? Platelets Which component of blood performs the clotting function? Platelets Which fragments in the blood form a clot and block the bleeding? Platelets Which term defines development of white blood cells from a stem cell? Leukopoiesis Which statement is true about the extrinsic pathway? It is activated with thromboplastin What is another function of the cell pictured besides carrying oxygen? Transporting carbon dioxide WGU D313 WGU D313 During which stage are red blood cells phagocytized? Stage 2 Which type of cell is responsible