NAPLEX Diabetes Questions with 100% Correct Answers

NAPLEX Diabetes Questions with 100% Correct Answers Cause of Diabetes High BG due to: -Decreased Insulin secretion -Decreased Insulin sensitivity Chronic______________can lead to damage throughout the body including organ damage Hyperglycemia Insulin is produced by Beta cells in Pancreas Functions of Insulin Moves glucose into body cells to be used as energy -Moves BG in muscle cells -Helps stores BG as Glycogen in liver cells -Helps stores BG as Fat in Adipose (fat) cells Glucose is either moved to muscle cells (primarily) for immediate use or stored for later use by the liver as Glycogen or adipose Glucagon is produced by Alpha cells in pancreas Glucagon works when BG is low Glucagon pulls glucose back into circulation by Releasing glucose from glycogen What will glucagon do if glycogen is depleted signal fat cells to make ketones as an alternative energy source Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmune destruction of beta-cells (no insulin is produced in the body) Initial presentation: DKA Type 1 Diabetes DKA MOA Body goes into starvation mode and starts to metabolize fats into ketones to use as an alernative energy source. High levels of ketones, which are acidic, cause DKA Type 1 Diabetes in what patients? Children Test used to see if Insulin is produced C-peptide test -Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes is when there is low C-peptide Type 2 Diabetes Due to Insulin resistance Due to Insulin deficiency Type 2 Diabetes is strongly associated with Obesity, physical inactivity, family history T2DM can be managed with_____________(unlike type 1) Lifestyle modifications alone Or in combination with medications [insulin and non, type 1 is only insulin] Prediabetes -Increased risk of developing diabetes -BG higher than normal but not for diagnosis decrease progression from prediabetes to diabetes Following dietary and exercise recommendations Metformin in prediabetes -help patients w/ BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 -patients less than 60 years -women w/ hx of gestational DM In Prediabetes, monitoring Annual monitoring for diabetes Types of Diabetes in Pregnancy Diabetes b4 being pregnant Diabetes during pregnancy[GDM] -BG goals strict in both cases [than nonpregnant goals] Babies born to hyperglycemic mothers -Macrosomia -Risk of obesity and diabetes in later life Non-pharmacologic therapy for diabetes in pregnancy -diet & exercise [lifestyle] -Insulin [if meds are needed, insulin is prefered] Screening for Diabetes in pregnancy -Pregnant women tested at 24-28 weeks, oGTT [oral glucose tolerance test]