PARASITOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
Phenology -- Answer ✔✔ the study of cyclic and seasonal natural phenomena, especially
in relation to climate and plant and animal life.
Epigenetics -- Answer ✔✔ the study of environmental influences on gene expression
that occur without a DNA change. Methylation is most common
restriction modification system -- Answer ✔✔ A system used by bacteria to cleave
exogenous DNA at specific sites using a restriction endonuclease, and protect the sites
on its own DNA by methylation.
Phage Counter strategies -- Answer ✔✔ Evolution with unusual nucleotides, cloaking,
and hijacking to avoid the immune system of the host.
CRISPR -- Answer ✔✔ Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
-store small cleaved DNA spacers to act as a memory.
pattern recognition receptors -- Answer ✔✔ proteins on or in cells that recognize
specific compounds unique to microbes or tissue damage, allowing the cells to sense the
presence of invading microbes or damage
Constitutive Defense -- Answer ✔✔ a defense that is always active
Inducible defense -- Answer ✔✔ A defensive trait that is manifested only in response to
the presence of a consumer (predator or herbivore) or pathogen.
SOLUTIONS
Phenology -- Answer ✔✔ the study of cyclic and seasonal natural phenomena, especially
in relation to climate and plant and animal life.
Epigenetics -- Answer ✔✔ the study of environmental influences on gene expression
that occur without a DNA change. Methylation is most common
restriction modification system -- Answer ✔✔ A system used by bacteria to cleave
exogenous DNA at specific sites using a restriction endonuclease, and protect the sites
on its own DNA by methylation.
Phage Counter strategies -- Answer ✔✔ Evolution with unusual nucleotides, cloaking,
and hijacking to avoid the immune system of the host.
CRISPR -- Answer ✔✔ Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
-store small cleaved DNA spacers to act as a memory.
pattern recognition receptors -- Answer ✔✔ proteins on or in cells that recognize
specific compounds unique to microbes or tissue damage, allowing the cells to sense the
presence of invading microbes or damage
Constitutive Defense -- Answer ✔✔ a defense that is always active
Inducible defense -- Answer ✔✔ A defensive trait that is manifested only in response to
the presence of a consumer (predator or herbivore) or pathogen.
