BIO 338 Exam 3 JJ DUKE Actual study
set with Questions and correct/verified
Answers
Overload - ANSW-tissue or system must be stressed to a level beyond what it is accustomed to
Specificity - ANSW-stress must be specific
Reversibility - ANSW-fitness acquired goes away quickly when training is ceased
Individuality - ANSW-everyone responds differently
VO2 max - ANSW-maximal aerobic power/exercise capacity • Measure of body's capacity to transport
and utilize O2 during dynamic large muscle mass exercise
Training to increase VO2 max - ANSW-Dynamic exercise utilizing large muscle mass • 20-60 min/session,
3+ times/week, 50-85% VO2 max
Genetic predisposition to VO2max - ANSW-• Accounts for 40-65% of VO2 max • Prerequisite for VO2
max of 60-80 mL/kg/min 7
Improvements in VO2 max - ANSW-~50% due to ↑SV • ~50% due to ↑a-vO2 difference
Does a-vO2 increase or decrease following training? - ANSW-• ↑a-vO2 difference due to enhanced
extraction of O2 from the blood
↑ capillarity of muscle - ANSW-• Allows more blood flow and larger diffusional surface area
• Slows blood velocity through muscle increasing time for diffusion
• ↑ mitochondrial number and density - ANSW-• Increases muscles ability to perform work aerobically •
Interestingly, capacity of mitochondria limited by heart's ability to deliver O2
what does endurance training result in? - ANSW-shift from fast-to-slow muscle fiber types
• Pulmonary respiration - ANSW-breathing and exchanging of O2 and CO2 between blood and air
• Cellular respiration - ANSW-relates to O2 utilization and CO2 production by the tissues
Site of gas exchange - ANSW-alveoli and capillaries
Inspiration occurs because... - ANSW-intrapulmonary/alveolar pressure becomes "negative" relative to
atmosphere
Expiration occurs because... - ANSW-intrapulmonary/alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure
Main muscle of inspiration - ANSW-diaphragm
Inspiration is a(an) _____ process at rest and during exercise - ANSW-active
Inspiration must overcome 2 forces opposing air filing the lungs: - ANSW-Resistance in airways (minimal
during inspiration) Lungs are elastic and resist stretch
, Expiration is a(an) _____ process at rest - ANSW-passive
Take advantage of the lungs tending to resist stretch, i.e., they want to return to their normal resting
position
Expiration is a(an) _____ process during exercise - ANSW-active
Can still take advantage of lung wanting to recoil, but at high levels of ventilation must overcome:
• Resistance in airways
• Tendency for chest wall, i.e., rib cage, wanting to expand
Airflow = - ANSW-P1 - P2/Resistance
Pulmonary Ventilation: (VE) - ANSW-Refers to movement of gas into and out of the lungs per minute
Tidal volume (VT) - ANSW-volume of air per breath
Breathing frequency (fb) - ANSW-number of breaths per minute
Pulmonary Ventilation (VE)= - ANSW-VT x fb
alveolar ventilation - ANSW-the amount of air that reaches the alveoli
anatomical dead space (VDS) - ANSW-the conducting zone; no gas exchange
VA= - ANSW-VE-VDS
VE= - ANSW-VA+VDS
Factors that determine the rate of diffusion of a gas through the blood-gas barrier are described by... -
ANSW-Fick's law for diffusion
Fick's law for diffusion - ANSW-Vgas = A x D x (P1 - P2)/T
Rate of diffusion is proportional to. - ANSW--Surface area available for diffusion
-Pressure difference across the barrier
Rate of diffusion is INVERSELY proportional to: - ANSW-Thickness of the barrier
Low V/Q= - ANSW-low V, high Q
NO O2
High V/Q - ANSW-high V, low Q
NOT ENOUGH O2 IN BLOOD
set with Questions and correct/verified
Answers
Overload - ANSW-tissue or system must be stressed to a level beyond what it is accustomed to
Specificity - ANSW-stress must be specific
Reversibility - ANSW-fitness acquired goes away quickly when training is ceased
Individuality - ANSW-everyone responds differently
VO2 max - ANSW-maximal aerobic power/exercise capacity • Measure of body's capacity to transport
and utilize O2 during dynamic large muscle mass exercise
Training to increase VO2 max - ANSW-Dynamic exercise utilizing large muscle mass • 20-60 min/session,
3+ times/week, 50-85% VO2 max
Genetic predisposition to VO2max - ANSW-• Accounts for 40-65% of VO2 max • Prerequisite for VO2
max of 60-80 mL/kg/min 7
Improvements in VO2 max - ANSW-~50% due to ↑SV • ~50% due to ↑a-vO2 difference
Does a-vO2 increase or decrease following training? - ANSW-• ↑a-vO2 difference due to enhanced
extraction of O2 from the blood
↑ capillarity of muscle - ANSW-• Allows more blood flow and larger diffusional surface area
• Slows blood velocity through muscle increasing time for diffusion
• ↑ mitochondrial number and density - ANSW-• Increases muscles ability to perform work aerobically •
Interestingly, capacity of mitochondria limited by heart's ability to deliver O2
what does endurance training result in? - ANSW-shift from fast-to-slow muscle fiber types
• Pulmonary respiration - ANSW-breathing and exchanging of O2 and CO2 between blood and air
• Cellular respiration - ANSW-relates to O2 utilization and CO2 production by the tissues
Site of gas exchange - ANSW-alveoli and capillaries
Inspiration occurs because... - ANSW-intrapulmonary/alveolar pressure becomes "negative" relative to
atmosphere
Expiration occurs because... - ANSW-intrapulmonary/alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure
Main muscle of inspiration - ANSW-diaphragm
Inspiration is a(an) _____ process at rest and during exercise - ANSW-active
Inspiration must overcome 2 forces opposing air filing the lungs: - ANSW-Resistance in airways (minimal
during inspiration) Lungs are elastic and resist stretch
, Expiration is a(an) _____ process at rest - ANSW-passive
Take advantage of the lungs tending to resist stretch, i.e., they want to return to their normal resting
position
Expiration is a(an) _____ process during exercise - ANSW-active
Can still take advantage of lung wanting to recoil, but at high levels of ventilation must overcome:
• Resistance in airways
• Tendency for chest wall, i.e., rib cage, wanting to expand
Airflow = - ANSW-P1 - P2/Resistance
Pulmonary Ventilation: (VE) - ANSW-Refers to movement of gas into and out of the lungs per minute
Tidal volume (VT) - ANSW-volume of air per breath
Breathing frequency (fb) - ANSW-number of breaths per minute
Pulmonary Ventilation (VE)= - ANSW-VT x fb
alveolar ventilation - ANSW-the amount of air that reaches the alveoli
anatomical dead space (VDS) - ANSW-the conducting zone; no gas exchange
VA= - ANSW-VE-VDS
VE= - ANSW-VA+VDS
Factors that determine the rate of diffusion of a gas through the blood-gas barrier are described by... -
ANSW-Fick's law for diffusion
Fick's law for diffusion - ANSW-Vgas = A x D x (P1 - P2)/T
Rate of diffusion is proportional to. - ANSW--Surface area available for diffusion
-Pressure difference across the barrier
Rate of diffusion is INVERSELY proportional to: - ANSW-Thickness of the barrier
Low V/Q= - ANSW-low V, high Q
NO O2
High V/Q - ANSW-high V, low Q
NOT ENOUGH O2 IN BLOOD
