BIOL251 - EXAM 5 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026 RATED A+
1. Transition mutation-ANSWER- purine to purine or pyrimidine to pyrimidine
2. Which mutation happens more often than the other?-ANSWER- Transition > trans version
3. What constitutes a bad mutation?-ANSWER- Deadly early on in life like before reprod.
Parkinson's, Huntington's,
4. Mutation in coding region-ANSWER- Polypeptide -> protein
5. Neutral mutation-ANSWER- One with no effect, this is on the non coding region
6. Repressors inhibit-ANSWER- Transcription
7. Point mutation-ANSWER- Occurs more than indels
Occurs in one place
8. Transition mutations as point mutations-ANSWER- purine to purine or pyrimidine to
pyrimidine
GUU -> GCU
9. - inducible-ANSWER- Repressor is inactive, still repressing and then allalactose binds to it and
transcription is turned off
10. Transition letters-ANSWER- A + G
11. Transversions-ANSWER- C + T
12. Silent mutation-ANSWER- A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not change
the amino acid created.
No variation phenotypically
13. indels (insertions and deletions)-ANSWER- removes or adds a nucleotide, causes frame shift
mutation
14. frame shift mutation (deletion)-ANSWER- Loss of single nucleotide shifts reading frame
15. missense mutation (conservative)-ANSWER- altered codon specifies a chemically similar
amino acid
, 16. missense mutation (nonconservative)-ANSWER- altered codon specifies a chemically
different amino acid
17. Repetitive sequences-ANSWER- short DNA sequences that occur many times within a
species' genome
CAGCAGCAG
18. Str-ANSWER- short tandem repeats
Cacacaca - disat
Gacgacgacgac - trisat
19. Slip strand mutation-ANSWER- RNA P has trouble keeping track of repeat #s due to
secondary structures
20. Substitution rate-ANSWER- rate at which a mutation fixes in a population (= fixation rate)
1/6
BIOL251 - Exam 5
Study online at https-ANSWER-//quizlet.com/_d7w34z
21. Restriction enzyme-ANSWER- Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
Line of defense in a prokaryote
22. "Sticky ends" are-ANSWER- DNA fragments with single-stranded ends
23. Blunt ends are-ANSWER- A cleavage site on DNA that has equal nucleotide sequence
Double stranded ends
24. What does the # of bases in palindrome determine?-ANSWER- Frequency where restriction
enzyme
will cut
25. RFLP-ANSWER- restriction fragment length polymorphisms;
diff in length of fragments made by restriction enz digestion of 2 DNA samples
26. PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-ANSWER- A laboratory technique for amplifying DNA in
vitro by incubating
with special primers, DNA polymerase molecules, and nucleotides.
ANSWERS 2026 RATED A+
1. Transition mutation-ANSWER- purine to purine or pyrimidine to pyrimidine
2. Which mutation happens more often than the other?-ANSWER- Transition > trans version
3. What constitutes a bad mutation?-ANSWER- Deadly early on in life like before reprod.
Parkinson's, Huntington's,
4. Mutation in coding region-ANSWER- Polypeptide -> protein
5. Neutral mutation-ANSWER- One with no effect, this is on the non coding region
6. Repressors inhibit-ANSWER- Transcription
7. Point mutation-ANSWER- Occurs more than indels
Occurs in one place
8. Transition mutations as point mutations-ANSWER- purine to purine or pyrimidine to
pyrimidine
GUU -> GCU
9. - inducible-ANSWER- Repressor is inactive, still repressing and then allalactose binds to it and
transcription is turned off
10. Transition letters-ANSWER- A + G
11. Transversions-ANSWER- C + T
12. Silent mutation-ANSWER- A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not change
the amino acid created.
No variation phenotypically
13. indels (insertions and deletions)-ANSWER- removes or adds a nucleotide, causes frame shift
mutation
14. frame shift mutation (deletion)-ANSWER- Loss of single nucleotide shifts reading frame
15. missense mutation (conservative)-ANSWER- altered codon specifies a chemically similar
amino acid
, 16. missense mutation (nonconservative)-ANSWER- altered codon specifies a chemically
different amino acid
17. Repetitive sequences-ANSWER- short DNA sequences that occur many times within a
species' genome
CAGCAGCAG
18. Str-ANSWER- short tandem repeats
Cacacaca - disat
Gacgacgacgac - trisat
19. Slip strand mutation-ANSWER- RNA P has trouble keeping track of repeat #s due to
secondary structures
20. Substitution rate-ANSWER- rate at which a mutation fixes in a population (= fixation rate)
1/6
BIOL251 - Exam 5
Study online at https-ANSWER-//quizlet.com/_d7w34z
21. Restriction enzyme-ANSWER- Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
Line of defense in a prokaryote
22. "Sticky ends" are-ANSWER- DNA fragments with single-stranded ends
23. Blunt ends are-ANSWER- A cleavage site on DNA that has equal nucleotide sequence
Double stranded ends
24. What does the # of bases in palindrome determine?-ANSWER- Frequency where restriction
enzyme
will cut
25. RFLP-ANSWER- restriction fragment length polymorphisms;
diff in length of fragments made by restriction enz digestion of 2 DNA samples
26. PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-ANSWER- A laboratory technique for amplifying DNA in
vitro by incubating
with special primers, DNA polymerase molecules, and nucleotides.
