Ancient Greek Philosophers Unit 1_Sophia (solutions) Latest 2020.
Ancient Greek Philosophers Unit 1 UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 Score 24/25 1 In the Phaedo, Socrates makes all of the following claims, EXCEPT: Valuing what is right more than life is illogical and meaningless. Sensory distractions hinder the soul's pursuit of truth and knowledge. The philosopher is concerned with the soul and not with the body. Without a body to impede his or her progress, the philosopher may see things as they truly are. 2 Nancy is a cashier at a grocery store. A boy from her school, who she knows is underage, attempts to buy beer. Nancy hesitates before completing the transaction. According to Aristotle’s ethics, which question should Nancy ask herself? Are there possible consequences of this action that could harm me? What kind of person should I be? How can I reach a compromise? Why is this action right, and why is it wrong? 3 Which of the following is the most important tenet of Stoicism? To resist playing a role To understand that reality is either good or bad To feed our desires To let go of what we cannot control Stoicism: The Ethics of Dispassion 4 Choose the example that best demonstrates a central tenet of Stoicism. Carlene is devastated when her outdoor party is interrupted by a thunderstorm. Stephanie is a good nurse because she is skillful and always remains composed. Bob is such a rabid Cubs fan that it isn’t fun to watch a baseball game with him. Mr. Donovan insists that he begin each morning with pastry and a cup of sweet tea. 5 Which branch of philosophy examines the ultimate nature of reality? Metaphysics Epistemology Cosmology Natural philosophy 6 What kind of a thing is an orchid? It is a type of flower. What distinguishes an orchid from other flowers? The female and male parts of an orchid are fused together. According to Aristotle, answering both of these questions reveals the __________ of an orchid. essence organization ontology genus 7 Which of the following statements about Aristotle’s metaphysics is FALSE? The distinction between form and matter is purely conceptual— one does not, and cannot, exist without the other. Examining the nature of being, and knowing what kinds of things exist, is a sensible beginning point for philosophical inquiry. Humans have the natural capacity to know many things without divine revelation or empirical evidence. In order for a statement to be true, one must state that an object exists, what the object is, and the state in which it exists. Kendra believes that women have a right to choose to have an abortion. Select the statement that is consistent with Kendra's belief. “Every woman should be a mother; it is our function and purpose as human beings.” “I voted for this presidential candidate because she supports a woman's right to have an abortion.” “Some women use abortion as a form of birth control, which is wrong.” "The man should have an equal say in whether or not a woman ends her pregnancy.” 9 For Plato and his Doctrine of Forms, a person can determine whether an act is courageous if he or she can __________. explain what courage means in the real world imagine an unambiguously courageous action clearly understand the value of courage accurately describe the Form of Courage 10 Water is a __________ condition for staying alive. Apply conceptual analysis to this statement and choose the answer that correctly describes the relationship. sufficient, not necessary necessary, not sufficient both necessary and sufficient neither necessary nor sufficient 11 In the Apology, what does Socrates do when he is found guilty and sentenced to death? He agrees that his actions were immoral and that the decision of the judges is just. He tries to convince the jury to accept his defense. He asks Plato to record his life. He is willing to face death rather than violate the principles of his moral philosophy. 12 The philosophical value of the Socratic Method is described in all of the following statements, EXCEPT: Students learn from interacting with each other, and the teacher facilitates this process. Students answer questions to which they know the answers, and are led by the teacher to new truths. The emphasis is on finding truth, not on “winning” an argument. The Socratic Method guides students to understanding rather than requiring them to memorize facts. 13 Select the statement that would most likely have been made by Aristotle. “We must begin with the world we encounter every day, rather than with the abstraction of metaphysics.” “The world is unchanging and eternal, which conflicts with the illusion that life is neither.” “New things do not come into existence; rather, things change their organization.” “What is true is always true, independent of wisdom, language, or knowledge.” 14 According to Aristotle’s ethics, virtues should be pursued by __________. defining what is true determining the purest form of action finding a rational mean between two extremes thinking abstractly 15 For Plato, the Forms are the __________ foundation of reality, which means that knowledge of reality is grounded in knowledge of the Forms. ethical natural metaphysical logical 16 Choose the question that distinguishes the focus of Socrates’ philosophical inquiry from that of the philosophers who preceded him. What is the role of the gods? What is the nature of the universe? What is real? What is knowledge? 17 Which of the following statements about the atomistic worldview is FALSE? Philosophical atoms of different shapes and consistencies are the fundamental components of reality. The worldview of philosophical atomists, with some revisions, has been adopted by contemporary science. Everything in the universe exists as a single atom, or a collection of atoms. The philosophical worldview of the early Greek atomists had great influence on philosophical, scientific, and religious thinking, but only for a brief period of time. 18 Choose the statement that describes a central theme of Parmenidean metaphysics. The world is composed of linked opposites. The universe consists of one, unchanging entity. Mortal and divine knowledge can be joined. The opinions of mortals are universally reliable. When Crito tries to convince Socrates that he must not betray his own life, how does Socrates respond? He says that what is right is often misunderstood by mortals and must be left to the gods. He says that he is not afraid of dying and knows that his followers will restore his good name. He says that all life has value, but society determines the fate of man. He says that life would not be worth living if the principle of justice was violated. 20 Select the statement upon which Plato and Aristotle would disagree. Reasoning and logic are key to finding truth. 21 “It is my belief that everything in the cosmos is made of water.” Which ancient philosopher would most likely have made this statement? Empedocles Thales Pythagoras 22 Which of the following statements about the metaphysical tenets of Plato’s Doctrine of the Forms is FALSE? There is a cause and effect relationship between Forms and their earthly counterparts. The Forms exist in an intellectual realm that is fixed and never-ending. Forms must exist in order for knowledge to be possible. Perfection in the Forms does not exist in Platonic Heaven. 23 Read the following statement by Socrates: “And he attains to the purest knowledge of them who goes to each with the mind alone, not introducing or intruding in the act of thought sight or any other sense together with reason, but with the very light of the mind in her own clearness searches into the very truth of each; he who has got rid, as far as he can, of eyes and ears and, so to speak, of the whole body, these being in his opinion distracting elements which when they infect the soul hinder her from acquiring truth and knowledge . . .” Outline Socrates' argument in this text and choose the sentence that accurately reflects it. It is the mind, not the senses, that can know the essence of a thing. Death prevents the philosopher from finding the answers he most wants to know. Life has no intrinsic value; only a good life, well-lived, has value for the gods. The physical body and the soul are both necessary in order to find truth. 24 All teachers are robots. Cynthia is a teacher. Therefore, Cynthia is a robot. Evaluate the argument and select the option that describes it. Inductive, strong, cogent Deductive, valid, unsound Deductive, invalid, sound Inductive, weak, uncogent 25 Heraclitus' Logos is part of his __________. metaphysics ethics mathematics science
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- in the phaedo
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ancient greek philosophers unit 1
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ancient greek philosophers unit 1 unit 1 — milestone 1
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socrates makes all of the following claims
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except
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nancy is a cashier at a grocery store a boy
