BIO 169 Midterm Practice Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many
ways. - Answers Endocrine
________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the
bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. - Answers Hormones
Which of the following substances acts as a second messenger?
TSH
Epinephrine
ACTH
Insulin
Cyclic AMP - Answers Cyclic AMP
The hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ________ and ________ systems. - Answers
Endocrine; nervous
The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is - Answers Antidiuretic
hormone (ADH)
The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the - Answers Adenohypophysis
Thyroid hormone contains which element? - Answers Iodine
Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by which gland? - Answers Thyroid
The adrenal medulla produces what hormones? - Answers Epinephrine and norepinephrine
What pancreatic hormone causes blood sugar to enter its target cells? - Answers Insulin
Proper growth does not require what hormone? - Answers Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
(MSH)
What is not a function of blood? - Answers Hormone production
The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the - Answers Hematocrit
What are the most abundant proteins in blood plasma? - Answers Albumins
Plasma is closest in ionic composition to - Answers Interstitial fluid
Which blood type consists of plasma containing both anti-A and anti-B antibodies?
, Type A, type B, type AB, type O - Answers Type O
________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. -
Answers Coagulation
Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors?
A, B, K, D, E - Answers K
________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced. - Answers
Anemia
What is the innermost layer of a blood vessel? - Answers Tunica intima
The superior vena cava collect blood from the - Answers Head, chest, and upper limbs
What vein in the arm is commonly sampled for blood by venipuncture? - Answers Median cubital
vein
An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery. - Answers Internal
carotid
Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ________ vein. - Answers Internal jugular
The ________ is the kidney's sole blood supply. - Answers Renal artery
Where is blood flow slowest? - Answers Capillaries
The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the
endothelium. - Answers Endocardium
What is true regarding cardiac muscle cells? - Answers They are mechanically, chemically, and
electrically connected to one another
How many pulmonary veins are there? - Answers 4
What do the coronary veins empty into? - Answers Right atrium
The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to - Answers Chordae tendineae
Where does the AV node deliver a stimulus, and where is this located? - Answers AV bundle in
the interventricular septum
The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the - Answers Concentration of plasma
proteins
Blood pressure does NOT increase with what? - Answers Parasympathetic innervation
To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body - Answers Accelerates reabsorption of
The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many
ways. - Answers Endocrine
________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the
bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. - Answers Hormones
Which of the following substances acts as a second messenger?
TSH
Epinephrine
ACTH
Insulin
Cyclic AMP - Answers Cyclic AMP
The hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ________ and ________ systems. - Answers
Endocrine; nervous
The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is - Answers Antidiuretic
hormone (ADH)
The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the - Answers Adenohypophysis
Thyroid hormone contains which element? - Answers Iodine
Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by which gland? - Answers Thyroid
The adrenal medulla produces what hormones? - Answers Epinephrine and norepinephrine
What pancreatic hormone causes blood sugar to enter its target cells? - Answers Insulin
Proper growth does not require what hormone? - Answers Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
(MSH)
What is not a function of blood? - Answers Hormone production
The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the - Answers Hematocrit
What are the most abundant proteins in blood plasma? - Answers Albumins
Plasma is closest in ionic composition to - Answers Interstitial fluid
Which blood type consists of plasma containing both anti-A and anti-B antibodies?
, Type A, type B, type AB, type O - Answers Type O
________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. -
Answers Coagulation
Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors?
A, B, K, D, E - Answers K
________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced. - Answers
Anemia
What is the innermost layer of a blood vessel? - Answers Tunica intima
The superior vena cava collect blood from the - Answers Head, chest, and upper limbs
What vein in the arm is commonly sampled for blood by venipuncture? - Answers Median cubital
vein
An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery. - Answers Internal
carotid
Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ________ vein. - Answers Internal jugular
The ________ is the kidney's sole blood supply. - Answers Renal artery
Where is blood flow slowest? - Answers Capillaries
The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the
endothelium. - Answers Endocardium
What is true regarding cardiac muscle cells? - Answers They are mechanically, chemically, and
electrically connected to one another
How many pulmonary veins are there? - Answers 4
What do the coronary veins empty into? - Answers Right atrium
The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to - Answers Chordae tendineae
Where does the AV node deliver a stimulus, and where is this located? - Answers AV bundle in
the interventricular septum
The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the - Answers Concentration of plasma
proteins
Blood pressure does NOT increase with what? - Answers Parasympathetic innervation
To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body - Answers Accelerates reabsorption of
