NS 4410 Hypertension Exam Study Set
With Correct Solutions
When blood pressure is <120/ < 80, it is considered what ? - ANSWER NORMAL
when the blood pressure is 120- 129 / < 80, it is considered what ? - ANSWER Elevated
BP
when the blood pressure is 130--89, what stage is this ? - ANSWER stage 1 HTN
when the blood pressure is greater than or equal 140 / greater than or equal 90 what
stage is this ? - ANSWER stage 2 HTN
when the blood pressure is greater than 180/ greater than 120 it is considered what ? -
ANSWER Hypertensive Crisis
Why is HTN referred to as the silent killer ? - ANSWER HTN is referred to as the silent
killer because it often displays no symptoms until in the complicated stage.
Characterized by end-organ damage to the aorta and small arteries of heart, kidneys,
retina, and CNS
Patients present with such symptoms/signs present what type of hypertension ?
End organ damage
Stroke
CVD
Kidney Disease
Retinopathy - ANSWER Complicated Hypertension
What is hypertensive crisis ? - ANSWER Hypertensive Crisis is when a patient has a
systolic BP greater than 180 and a diastolic BP greater than 120. And the patient
experiences headaches, dizziness, or nosebleeds
Isolated Systolic HTN is when a person has a BP of - ANSWER 143/75
What is primary hypertension ? - ANSWER Primary Hypertension also known as
essential hypertensions refers to when high blood pressure that has a multifactorial
cause
Which type of HTN is characterized by no family history and typically has an early onset
? {primary or secondary} - ANSWER secondary
, What is the difference between secondary HTN and primary HTN ? - ANSWER Primary
HTN is characterized by high BP that has a multifactorial cause while secondary HTN is
characterized by high blood pressure that has no family history and occurs early onset;
typically caused by other diseases
What are modifiable risk factors? - ANSWER Overweight and Obesity
High Sodium Diet { greater than 3000 mg/day of sodium }
Excessive Alcohol consumption {greater than 2 alcoholic drinks/day }
Physical Activity
Type II DM {50% to 80% of patients with type 2 have HTN}
Smoking
Non modifiable Risk Factors for primary hypertension : - ANSWER Age : {older
individuals at risk}
Sex : males higher risk in young & middle aged adults
Race : More prevalent and starts early in non-Hispanic Black individuals
Family History : very prevalent in individuals with 1 or 2 people in their family that has
HTN
Reduced nephron number : kidney
What is blood pressure ? - ANSWER Blood pressure is the intermittent contraction and
relaxation of the left ventricle
BP = - ANSWER BP = CO * SVR
CO -> cardiac output which is how much blood is pumped by the heart every min
SVR -> systemic vascular resistance
Factors that influence SVR : - ANSWER Diameter of arterioles
Length of vessel
Viscosity
vasoconstriction -------- SVR - ANSWER increases
vasodilation ------------ SVR - ANSWER decreases
In order for contraction of smooth muscle cell to occur, ---------- has to be present so that
MLCK forms a complex with calmodulin. This complex can then use ATP to
phosphorylate the myosin light chain. Leading to myosin binding to actin . Calmodulin is
a ----------- - ANSWER In order for contraction of smooth muscle cell to occur, calcium
With Correct Solutions
When blood pressure is <120/ < 80, it is considered what ? - ANSWER NORMAL
when the blood pressure is 120- 129 / < 80, it is considered what ? - ANSWER Elevated
BP
when the blood pressure is 130--89, what stage is this ? - ANSWER stage 1 HTN
when the blood pressure is greater than or equal 140 / greater than or equal 90 what
stage is this ? - ANSWER stage 2 HTN
when the blood pressure is greater than 180/ greater than 120 it is considered what ? -
ANSWER Hypertensive Crisis
Why is HTN referred to as the silent killer ? - ANSWER HTN is referred to as the silent
killer because it often displays no symptoms until in the complicated stage.
Characterized by end-organ damage to the aorta and small arteries of heart, kidneys,
retina, and CNS
Patients present with such symptoms/signs present what type of hypertension ?
End organ damage
Stroke
CVD
Kidney Disease
Retinopathy - ANSWER Complicated Hypertension
What is hypertensive crisis ? - ANSWER Hypertensive Crisis is when a patient has a
systolic BP greater than 180 and a diastolic BP greater than 120. And the patient
experiences headaches, dizziness, or nosebleeds
Isolated Systolic HTN is when a person has a BP of - ANSWER 143/75
What is primary hypertension ? - ANSWER Primary Hypertension also known as
essential hypertensions refers to when high blood pressure that has a multifactorial
cause
Which type of HTN is characterized by no family history and typically has an early onset
? {primary or secondary} - ANSWER secondary
, What is the difference between secondary HTN and primary HTN ? - ANSWER Primary
HTN is characterized by high BP that has a multifactorial cause while secondary HTN is
characterized by high blood pressure that has no family history and occurs early onset;
typically caused by other diseases
What are modifiable risk factors? - ANSWER Overweight and Obesity
High Sodium Diet { greater than 3000 mg/day of sodium }
Excessive Alcohol consumption {greater than 2 alcoholic drinks/day }
Physical Activity
Type II DM {50% to 80% of patients with type 2 have HTN}
Smoking
Non modifiable Risk Factors for primary hypertension : - ANSWER Age : {older
individuals at risk}
Sex : males higher risk in young & middle aged adults
Race : More prevalent and starts early in non-Hispanic Black individuals
Family History : very prevalent in individuals with 1 or 2 people in their family that has
HTN
Reduced nephron number : kidney
What is blood pressure ? - ANSWER Blood pressure is the intermittent contraction and
relaxation of the left ventricle
BP = - ANSWER BP = CO * SVR
CO -> cardiac output which is how much blood is pumped by the heart every min
SVR -> systemic vascular resistance
Factors that influence SVR : - ANSWER Diameter of arterioles
Length of vessel
Viscosity
vasoconstriction -------- SVR - ANSWER increases
vasodilation ------------ SVR - ANSWER decreases
In order for contraction of smooth muscle cell to occur, ---------- has to be present so that
MLCK forms a complex with calmodulin. This complex can then use ATP to
phosphorylate the myosin light chain. Leading to myosin binding to actin . Calmodulin is
a ----------- - ANSWER In order for contraction of smooth muscle cell to occur, calcium
