Pathophysiology - BIOD331 - Module 2

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- BIOD331 –MODULE 2
NEWEST EXAM WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED
A+,GUARANTEED PASS.




What is cancer? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The unregulated growth of
abnormal cells


What is neoplasia? - CORRECT ANSWERS-"New growth". Process of
uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells or tissues in the body


What is neoplasm? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The new growth itself


Normal tissue growth responds with ________ and ________ - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Hypertrophy and hyperplasia


Neoplasms don't respond to _____ _______ _____ ______ (4 words) -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Appropriate cellular signaling stimuli


Normal tissue renewal and repair requires what 3 things? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis

,What is proliferation? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Process of cell division.
Adaptive process for new cell growth to replace old cells or when additional
cells are needed.


Neoplasms tend to have _______ ______ that cause excessive and
uncontrolled proliferation that is unregulated by normal growth-regulating
stimuli. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Genetic abnormalities


What is differentiation? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Process by which cells
become more specialized with each mitotic division


What is apoptosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Programmed cell death.
Eliminates old, damaged, or unwanted cells


What are proto-oncogenes? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cell growth. They
encode proteins that signal for the cell to proliferate


What do tumor suppressor genes do? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cell
death. Encode proteins that inhibit cell growth and signal (when necessary)
for apoptosis


What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - CORRECT ANSWERS-DNA
synthesis stops while the cell enlarges and both RNA and protein synthesis
begins

,What is the S phase of the cell cycle? - CORRECT ANSWERS-DNA
synthesis occurs, producing 2 separate sets of chromosomes one for each
daughter cell


What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - CORRECT ANSWERS-DNA
synthesis again stops while RNA/protein synthesis continues.


The first 3 phases of the cell cycle are referred to as __________ -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Interphase


What are cell cycle checkpoints? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Means of
molecular surveillance used to ensure the cell is ready to proceed to the
next phase


What is the M phase of the cell cycle? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Mitosis
and cytoplasmic division.


Give an example of a type of cell found in the body that continually cycles
from one mitotic division to the next. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Skin's
squamous epithelium


What is the rest state that some cells enter after the M phase called? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-G0 or resting phase


Why would a cell enter the G0 phase? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1.
Nutrients are unavailable

, 2. Growth factors are unavailable
3. Highly specialized cells first leave the cell cycle


What type of cells found in the body may permanently stay in G0? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Neurons (highly specialized and terminally
differentiated cells)


What may prompt a cell to leave the G0 phase? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Cell receives stimuli via:
1. Growth factors
2. Hormones
3. Other signals that trigger growth


Give an example of a cell type found in the body that remains in G0 phase
until prompted. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Blood loss or tissue injury


Define cell proliferation - CORRECT ANSWERS-Process of increasing
cell numbers by mitotic cell division.


In normal tissues, the number of new cells being produced is __________ to
the number of cells dying or being shed. - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Equivalent


When considering cell proliferation, human cells fall within one of these two
categories: - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Gametes (ovum and sperm)
2. Somatic (non-reproductive cells)