MGCCC Nursing 2 Endocrine Exam Questions
With Complete Solutions
Endocrine System Several glands: ...Answer Is...Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pancreatic islets
Ovaries
Testes
Endocrine System ...Answer Is...Effects almost every cell, organ &function
Closely linked with the nervous & immune systems
Negative feedback mechanism
Hormones
Pituitary ...Answer Is..."Master Gland"
Influences other endocrine glands
Anterior & posterior lobes
Controlled by hypothalamus
~Anterior Pituitary ...Answer Is...Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
*Growth hormone (GH or somatotropin)
Posterior Pituitary ...Answer Is...*Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) ...Answer Is...Produced by hypothalamus -- Secreted by
the posterior pituitary
Causes contraction of smooth muscle - especially blood vessels
Very important in maintaining water balance!
Increases BP
Triggered by dehydration
Reason why very little urination at night/while asleep
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) Dysfunctions - too much/too little ...Answer Is...SIADH
DI
(SIADH) ...Answer Is...Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
,Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) ...Answer
Is...Excessive ADH secretion from pituitary
Cannot excrete dilute urine
Fluid overload
Develop a sodium deficiency (dilutional hyponatremia)
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)
Interventions: ...Answer Is...Treat underlying cause
Diuretics
Restrict fluid intake
I&O
Daily Wt
Replace Na+
(SIADH) Signs/Symptoms ...Answer Is...due to water retention
Diabetes Insipidus (DI) ...Answer Is...Lowered ADH production by pituitary
Inadequate response by kidneys
Diabetes Insipidus S/S: ...Answer Is...POLYURIA
POLYDIPSIA
Diabetes Insipidus (DI) TREATMENT: ...Answer Is...Hormone replacement
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
(DI) ...Answer Is...IS FATAL IF LEFT UNTREATED!!!!
Thyroid hormones ...Answer Is...Thyroid hormones: T3, T4 , calcitonin
Iodine is contained in thyroid hormone
Thyroid hormone controls cellular metabolic activity
TSH from the anterior pituitary ...Answer Is...controls the release of thyroid hormone
TRH from the hypothalamus ...Answer Is...controls the release of TSH
T3 is ...Answer Is...more potent and more rapid-acting than T4
Calcitonin is ...Answer Is...secreted in response to high plasma calcium level and
increases calcium deposition in bone
Thyroid Diagnostic Tests ...Answer Is...TSH
T3 and T4
Radioactive iodine uptake
Fine-needle biopsy
Thyroid scan
, Thyroid Disorders ...Answer Is...Cretinism
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Goiter
Graves Disease
Hypothyroidism Causes: ...Answer Is...Autoimmune thyroiditis; Hashimoto's disease
(most common cause)
Affects women 5X more frequently than men
Hypothyroidism Manifestations: ...Answer Is...Early symptoms may be nonspecific
Fatigue; hair loss, dry skin, brittle nails, menstrual disturbances, low temperature and
low pulse; weight gain; emotional responses and mental responses are dulled; slow
speech; tongue, hands, and feet may enlarge; personality and cognitive changes;
cardiac and respiratory complications; complains of being cold all the time; constipation
Myxedema may progress to stupor, coma, and death
Hypothyroidism Medical Management ...Answer Is...Synthetic levothyroxine-
replacement therapy
- Synthroid
- Dosage based on serum TSH concentration
Medication interactions
Effects of hypnotic and sedative agents; reduce dosage
Support of cardiac function and respiratory function
Prevention of complications
Hyperthyroidism ...Answer Is...Excessive output of thyroid hormone
Graves disease (most common type)
Affects women 8X more frequently
than men
Hyperthyroidism Manifestations ...Answer Is...thyrotoxicosis—nervousness; palpitations;
rapid pulse; tolerate heat poorly; tremors; skin is flushed, warm, soft, and moist;
exophthalmos, increased appetite and dietary intake; weight loss; diarrhea, elevated
systolic BP; may progress to cardiac dysrhythmias and failure
Hyperthyroidism Medical Management ...Answer Is...Radioactive 131I therapy
Medications
Surgery: subtotal/total thyroidectomy
Relapse of disorder is common
Disease or treatment may result in hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism Medical Management Medications ...Answer Is...Propylthiouracil (PTU)
and methimazole (Tapazole)
Sodium or potassium iodine solutions (SSKI)
With Complete Solutions
Endocrine System Several glands: ...Answer Is...Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pancreatic islets
Ovaries
Testes
Endocrine System ...Answer Is...Effects almost every cell, organ &function
Closely linked with the nervous & immune systems
Negative feedback mechanism
Hormones
Pituitary ...Answer Is..."Master Gland"
Influences other endocrine glands
Anterior & posterior lobes
Controlled by hypothalamus
~Anterior Pituitary ...Answer Is...Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
*Growth hormone (GH or somatotropin)
Posterior Pituitary ...Answer Is...*Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) ...Answer Is...Produced by hypothalamus -- Secreted by
the posterior pituitary
Causes contraction of smooth muscle - especially blood vessels
Very important in maintaining water balance!
Increases BP
Triggered by dehydration
Reason why very little urination at night/while asleep
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) Dysfunctions - too much/too little ...Answer Is...SIADH
DI
(SIADH) ...Answer Is...Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
,Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) ...Answer
Is...Excessive ADH secretion from pituitary
Cannot excrete dilute urine
Fluid overload
Develop a sodium deficiency (dilutional hyponatremia)
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)
Interventions: ...Answer Is...Treat underlying cause
Diuretics
Restrict fluid intake
I&O
Daily Wt
Replace Na+
(SIADH) Signs/Symptoms ...Answer Is...due to water retention
Diabetes Insipidus (DI) ...Answer Is...Lowered ADH production by pituitary
Inadequate response by kidneys
Diabetes Insipidus S/S: ...Answer Is...POLYURIA
POLYDIPSIA
Diabetes Insipidus (DI) TREATMENT: ...Answer Is...Hormone replacement
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
(DI) ...Answer Is...IS FATAL IF LEFT UNTREATED!!!!
Thyroid hormones ...Answer Is...Thyroid hormones: T3, T4 , calcitonin
Iodine is contained in thyroid hormone
Thyroid hormone controls cellular metabolic activity
TSH from the anterior pituitary ...Answer Is...controls the release of thyroid hormone
TRH from the hypothalamus ...Answer Is...controls the release of TSH
T3 is ...Answer Is...more potent and more rapid-acting than T4
Calcitonin is ...Answer Is...secreted in response to high plasma calcium level and
increases calcium deposition in bone
Thyroid Diagnostic Tests ...Answer Is...TSH
T3 and T4
Radioactive iodine uptake
Fine-needle biopsy
Thyroid scan
, Thyroid Disorders ...Answer Is...Cretinism
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Goiter
Graves Disease
Hypothyroidism Causes: ...Answer Is...Autoimmune thyroiditis; Hashimoto's disease
(most common cause)
Affects women 5X more frequently than men
Hypothyroidism Manifestations: ...Answer Is...Early symptoms may be nonspecific
Fatigue; hair loss, dry skin, brittle nails, menstrual disturbances, low temperature and
low pulse; weight gain; emotional responses and mental responses are dulled; slow
speech; tongue, hands, and feet may enlarge; personality and cognitive changes;
cardiac and respiratory complications; complains of being cold all the time; constipation
Myxedema may progress to stupor, coma, and death
Hypothyroidism Medical Management ...Answer Is...Synthetic levothyroxine-
replacement therapy
- Synthroid
- Dosage based on serum TSH concentration
Medication interactions
Effects of hypnotic and sedative agents; reduce dosage
Support of cardiac function and respiratory function
Prevention of complications
Hyperthyroidism ...Answer Is...Excessive output of thyroid hormone
Graves disease (most common type)
Affects women 8X more frequently
than men
Hyperthyroidism Manifestations ...Answer Is...thyrotoxicosis—nervousness; palpitations;
rapid pulse; tolerate heat poorly; tremors; skin is flushed, warm, soft, and moist;
exophthalmos, increased appetite and dietary intake; weight loss; diarrhea, elevated
systolic BP; may progress to cardiac dysrhythmias and failure
Hyperthyroidism Medical Management ...Answer Is...Radioactive 131I therapy
Medications
Surgery: subtotal/total thyroidectomy
Relapse of disorder is common
Disease or treatment may result in hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism Medical Management Medications ...Answer Is...Propylthiouracil (PTU)
and methimazole (Tapazole)
Sodium or potassium iodine solutions (SSKI)
