1. List the 7 most widely accepted characteristics of living organisms
a. (1) Order, (2) Evolutionary Adaptation, (3) Regulation, (4)
Energy Processing, (5) Growth and Development, (6)
Response to the Environment, and (7) Reproduction. (See
section 2.1 in the module)
2. Describe evolutionary adaptation and give an example.
a. Evolutionary adaptation, often called generational
evolution, specifically refers to smaller, genetic changes
that allow for better survival of an organism. For instance,
consider camouflage. Animals that are properly
camouflaged within their given environment will,
theoretically, survive longer and can thus reproduce more.
Coat (such as fur) color genes with the greatest survival
rate will be strengthened and amplified within the
population. Over time, more and more animals will inherit
these colors until most of a population has the adaptive
camouflage that allows for optimum survival. (See section
2.1 in the module)
3. What is an adaptation? What characteristic of life would an adaptation
fall into?
a. An adaption is a change or a process that allows an
organism to become better suited for their environment.
They can be physical or behavioral. For example, a crab’s
hard shell is a physical adaption, while most ground
squirrels hibernating through the winter is a behavioral
adaption. This falls into Response to the Environment.
(See section 2.1 in the module)
4. Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction.
a. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two gametes (one
from each parent) that will unite and grow into a new
offspring. Asexual reproduction, in contrast, gives rise to new
offspring from a single organism. (See section 2.1 in the
module)
5. A group of one particular species living within defined boundaries of a
community best describes a(n):
a. Population (See section 2.1 in the module)
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, 6. A system of living and non-living things in a region best describes
a(n):
a. Ecosystem (See section 2.1 in the module)
7. What are the 3 domains that comprise the Linnaean Classification
system?
a. (1) Archaea, (2) Eubacteria, and (3) Eukarya (See section
2.2 in the module)
8. What is the purpose of a phylogenic tree?
a. A phylogenic tree is a branching diagram that shows the
relationship between different levels of Linnaean
classification taxa. Phylogenic trees provide a visual
representation of dichotomies concerning evolutionary
relationships and enables scientists to unite phylogeny
with the classic Linnaean classification systems. Each
branch point represents where the two
organisms likely share a common ancestor. (See section
2.2 in the module)
9. True or False: Extremophiles are a small sub-set of the Archaea
domain that live in extreme environments.
a. True
10. Bacteria that neither benefits from nor harms its host and are
often part of the human flora are considered:
a. Commensal
11. Bacteria that cause illness are considered:
a. Pathogentic
12. Describe what an exotoxin is and give an example.
a. Exotoxins are proteins that are secreted by the bacterial
cell. Vibrio cholera is an example. (See section 2.2 in the
module)
13. Describe what an endotoxin is and give an example.
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a. (1) Order, (2) Evolutionary Adaptation, (3) Regulation, (4)
Energy Processing, (5) Growth and Development, (6)
Response to the Environment, and (7) Reproduction. (See
section 2.1 in the module)
2. Describe evolutionary adaptation and give an example.
a. Evolutionary adaptation, often called generational
evolution, specifically refers to smaller, genetic changes
that allow for better survival of an organism. For instance,
consider camouflage. Animals that are properly
camouflaged within their given environment will,
theoretically, survive longer and can thus reproduce more.
Coat (such as fur) color genes with the greatest survival
rate will be strengthened and amplified within the
population. Over time, more and more animals will inherit
these colors until most of a population has the adaptive
camouflage that allows for optimum survival. (See section
2.1 in the module)
3. What is an adaptation? What characteristic of life would an adaptation
fall into?
a. An adaption is a change or a process that allows an
organism to become better suited for their environment.
They can be physical or behavioral. For example, a crab’s
hard shell is a physical adaption, while most ground
squirrels hibernating through the winter is a behavioral
adaption. This falls into Response to the Environment.
(See section 2.1 in the module)
4. Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction.
a. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two gametes (one
from each parent) that will unite and grow into a new
offspring. Asexual reproduction, in contrast, gives rise to new
offspring from a single organism. (See section 2.1 in the
module)
5. A group of one particular species living within defined boundaries of a
community best describes a(n):
a. Population (See section 2.1 in the module)
This study source was downloaded by 100000898717596 from CourseHero.com on 05-02-2025 08:41:34 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/249153949/BIO-D-101-cheat-sheet-mod-2docx/
, 6. A system of living and non-living things in a region best describes
a(n):
a. Ecosystem (See section 2.1 in the module)
7. What are the 3 domains that comprise the Linnaean Classification
system?
a. (1) Archaea, (2) Eubacteria, and (3) Eukarya (See section
2.2 in the module)
8. What is the purpose of a phylogenic tree?
a. A phylogenic tree is a branching diagram that shows the
relationship between different levels of Linnaean
classification taxa. Phylogenic trees provide a visual
representation of dichotomies concerning evolutionary
relationships and enables scientists to unite phylogeny
with the classic Linnaean classification systems. Each
branch point represents where the two
organisms likely share a common ancestor. (See section
2.2 in the module)
9. True or False: Extremophiles are a small sub-set of the Archaea
domain that live in extreme environments.
a. True
10. Bacteria that neither benefits from nor harms its host and are
often part of the human flora are considered:
a. Commensal
11. Bacteria that cause illness are considered:
a. Pathogentic
12. Describe what an exotoxin is and give an example.
a. Exotoxins are proteins that are secreted by the bacterial
cell. Vibrio cholera is an example. (See section 2.2 in the
module)
13. Describe what an endotoxin is and give an example.
This study source was downloaded by 100000898717596 from CourseHero.com on 05-02-2025 08:41:34 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/249153949/BIO-D-101-cheat-sheet-mod-2docx/
