PHS4300 NEUROPATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
What structures is the brainstem composed of? - ANSWER Medulla, pons, midbrain.
What structures is the diencephalon composed of? - ANSWER Thalamus &
hypothalamus.
What is the cerebrum composed of? - ANSWER Basal ganglia & cerebral cortex.
Where does all perception & voluntary move'nt derive from? - ANSWER Cerebral cortex.
What structures help the motor areas of the cerebral cortex to execute the complex task
of producing move'nt? - ANSWER Cerebellum & basal ganglia.
What structures have reflex circuits for automatic responses to sensory stimuli? -
ANSWER Brainstem & spinal cord.
Tactile anesthesia (inability to feel object in hand) would result from damage to _____
(which carry sensory info to primary somatosensory cortex for perception). - ANSWER
Touch sensory neurons of hand.
Tactile agnosia (inability to identify object in hand w eyes closed) would result from
damage to ______. - ANSWER Somatosensory association cortex.
Why does cerebral palsy occur? - ANSWER Abnorm development of motor control areas
of cerebrum.
What is Huntington's disease? - ANSWER Degenerative disease of basal ganglia causing
involuntary move'nt.
What is spina bifida? - ANSWER Congenital birth defect in which vertebrae are not
protecting spinal cord.
What occurs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? - ANSWER Degeneration of upper and
lower motoneurons producing paralysis.
What occurs in myasthenia gravis? - ANSWER Ab attack ACh receptors on skeletal
muscle.
What is a viral infection that damages spinal motoneurons? - ANSWER Poliomyelitis.
What is a viral or bacterial infection of the meninges which can damage the underlying
nervous tissue? - ANSWER Meningitis.
What is a bacterial infection which kills neurons forming the dorsal roots and dorsal
columns? - ANSWER Neurosyphyllis.
, Are tumors derived from glial cells or neurons? - ANSWER Glial cells.
In which way can neural activity be disrupted w regards to vascular events? - ANSWER
Ischemic stroke due to vessel occlusion or hemorrhagic stroke due to ruptured
aneurysm.
How can neural activity be disrupted w regards to metabolic events? - ANSWER Blood
toxins from renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis, lack of Vit B12 needed for myelination).
What is a major excitatory NT? - ANSWER Glutamate.
What is a major inhibitory NT? - ANSWER GABA.
In which 2 areas is the blood-brain barrier absent? - ANSWER Brainstem vomiting
center & hypothalamus.
After how many mins without blood supply do neurons die? (Compared w 20 mins for
heart & 6 hrs for skeletal muscle). - ANSWER 5
What is the purpose of the circle of Willis? - ANSWER Compensation for blockage of
internal carotid artery - otherwise: stroke.
What % of CO does brain use at rest? - ANSWER 20%
What can be transported thru endothelial cell wall (blood-brain barrier)? - ANSWER Most
lipid insoluble nutrients or metabolic products.
A ruptured aneurysm leads to a ____ stroke while occlusion leads to an _____ stroke. -
ANSWER Hemorrhagic
Ischemic
An aneurysm is due to a ___(weak/strong) arterial wall that stretches & can burst
leading to internal bleeding and a _____ _____. - ANSWER Weak
Hemorrhagic stroke.
What stimulant drug increases BP & risk of bursting aneurysm? - ANSWER Cocaine.
What is the most common cause of brain damage & 3rd leading cause of death? What 2
things can cause it? - ANSWER Ischemic stroke
Arterial stenosis or embolism.
What are used to stimulate the norm process of clot breakdown following ischemic
stroke due to embolism? - ANSWER Thrombolytic agents (clot busters).
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
What structures is the brainstem composed of? - ANSWER Medulla, pons, midbrain.
What structures is the diencephalon composed of? - ANSWER Thalamus &
hypothalamus.
What is the cerebrum composed of? - ANSWER Basal ganglia & cerebral cortex.
Where does all perception & voluntary move'nt derive from? - ANSWER Cerebral cortex.
What structures help the motor areas of the cerebral cortex to execute the complex task
of producing move'nt? - ANSWER Cerebellum & basal ganglia.
What structures have reflex circuits for automatic responses to sensory stimuli? -
ANSWER Brainstem & spinal cord.
Tactile anesthesia (inability to feel object in hand) would result from damage to _____
(which carry sensory info to primary somatosensory cortex for perception). - ANSWER
Touch sensory neurons of hand.
Tactile agnosia (inability to identify object in hand w eyes closed) would result from
damage to ______. - ANSWER Somatosensory association cortex.
Why does cerebral palsy occur? - ANSWER Abnorm development of motor control areas
of cerebrum.
What is Huntington's disease? - ANSWER Degenerative disease of basal ganglia causing
involuntary move'nt.
What is spina bifida? - ANSWER Congenital birth defect in which vertebrae are not
protecting spinal cord.
What occurs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? - ANSWER Degeneration of upper and
lower motoneurons producing paralysis.
What occurs in myasthenia gravis? - ANSWER Ab attack ACh receptors on skeletal
muscle.
What is a viral infection that damages spinal motoneurons? - ANSWER Poliomyelitis.
What is a viral or bacterial infection of the meninges which can damage the underlying
nervous tissue? - ANSWER Meningitis.
What is a bacterial infection which kills neurons forming the dorsal roots and dorsal
columns? - ANSWER Neurosyphyllis.
, Are tumors derived from glial cells or neurons? - ANSWER Glial cells.
In which way can neural activity be disrupted w regards to vascular events? - ANSWER
Ischemic stroke due to vessel occlusion or hemorrhagic stroke due to ruptured
aneurysm.
How can neural activity be disrupted w regards to metabolic events? - ANSWER Blood
toxins from renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis, lack of Vit B12 needed for myelination).
What is a major excitatory NT? - ANSWER Glutamate.
What is a major inhibitory NT? - ANSWER GABA.
In which 2 areas is the blood-brain barrier absent? - ANSWER Brainstem vomiting
center & hypothalamus.
After how many mins without blood supply do neurons die? (Compared w 20 mins for
heart & 6 hrs for skeletal muscle). - ANSWER 5
What is the purpose of the circle of Willis? - ANSWER Compensation for blockage of
internal carotid artery - otherwise: stroke.
What % of CO does brain use at rest? - ANSWER 20%
What can be transported thru endothelial cell wall (blood-brain barrier)? - ANSWER Most
lipid insoluble nutrients or metabolic products.
A ruptured aneurysm leads to a ____ stroke while occlusion leads to an _____ stroke. -
ANSWER Hemorrhagic
Ischemic
An aneurysm is due to a ___(weak/strong) arterial wall that stretches & can burst
leading to internal bleeding and a _____ _____. - ANSWER Weak
Hemorrhagic stroke.
What stimulant drug increases BP & risk of bursting aneurysm? - ANSWER Cocaine.
What is the most common cause of brain damage & 3rd leading cause of death? What 2
things can cause it? - ANSWER Ischemic stroke
Arterial stenosis or embolism.
What are used to stimulate the norm process of clot breakdown following ischemic
stroke due to embolism? - ANSWER Thrombolytic agents (clot busters).
