OCR Psychology Cognitive area Practice Exam Guide Questions With Correct Answers.

Loftus and Palmer Aim - correct answer To investigate the effects of language on memory. Eg. how leading questions affect people's memory Exp 1: Design - correct answer Independent measures design (different participants use in each condition of experiment) Exp 1: Sample - correct answer 5 conditions of 9 American students (45 people) by opportunity sampling Exp 1: Procedure - correct answer -Participants were shown 7 video clips of car crashes (some from CCTV footage and some staged accidents). -Then asked a series of questions about the clips. -The critical question was about the speed of the cars, which was manipulated by different verbs (eg. hit, smashed, collided, contacted, bumped). Exp 1: Results - correct answer Those asked the question including higher impact verb (eg. smashed) gave a higher speed estimate than with a lower impact verb (eg. contacted). Exp 2: aim - correct answer To see the effect of leading questions and if they can affect memory. -To test the impact of schemas on memory Exp 2: Sample - correct answer 3 conditions of 50 participants (150 ppts) Exp 2: Procedure - correct answer -Each condition was shown the same video clip of a car crash. They were asked a critical question, which was the speed of the vehicles. Condition 1: speed of the cars when they 'smashed' Condition 2: speed of the cars when they 'hit' Condition 3: were not asked about the speed of the cars -A week later, they were asked if they saw broken glass Exp 2: Results - correct answer Those who were asked using the word 'smashed' said yes to seeing broken glass, more than the other 2 conditions. Grant et al Aim - correct answer To investigate how context-dependent memory affects recall and recognition Grant Method and Design - correct answer -Lab experiment -Independent measures design Grant Sample - correct answer -39 students ranging from ages 17-56 - 8 psychology students obtained 5 participants (opportunity sampling) Grant Method - correct answer - There were 4 conditions (silent study/silent test, silent/noisy, noisy/silent and noisy/noisy) -Participants read an article on psychoimmunology and were told they would complete 2 tests (recall and recognition) Grant-Tests - correct answer Recall- Short answer Recognition- Multiple choice Grant Results - correct answer 1. Those in matching conditions performed better 2. Overall those in silent conditions performed better