CLEMSON GEOLOGY 1010 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
Groundwater:EwhyEshouldEweEcare?E-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
YOUEMUSTEhaveEthisEresourceEtoEsurvive
hydrologicEcycleE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-oceanE=EbiggestEreservoirE(1,000,000Eunits)
2ndElargestE=EglacierE(26000Eunits)
3rdElargestE=EgroundEwaterE(15000Eunits)
runoffE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
waterEthatErunsEacrossEtheElandscapeEandEeventuallyEendsEupEinEaEriverEorEstreamEandEcontinuesEt
oEmoveEdownstream
infiltrationE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-waterEsoaksEINTOEground,EbecomesEpartEofEgroundEwaterEsupply
porosityE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
TheEpercentageEofEtheEtotalEvolumeEofEaErockEorEsedimentEthatEconsistsEofEopenEspaces
TypesEofEporesE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-IntergranularEPores
Fractures
Vugs
IntergranularEPoresE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-"betweenEgrains"
openEspacesEinEbetweenEparticles
-MOSTEgroundwaterEisEstoredEhere
FracturesE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
rocksEhaveElotsEofEcracks,EtheyEcanEbeEpathwaysEforEwaterEorEwaterEcanEbuildEupEinEthem
,vugsE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-openingEinEtheErock,ElikeEaEbigEhole
-*cavesEareEbasicallyEbigEvugs*
-notEveryEcommon
WellEsortedE=E-ECORRECTEANSWERE-highEporosity
poorlyEsortedE=E-ECORRECTEANSWERE-lowEporosity
cementationE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
naturalEcementEtoEglueEtheEparticlesEtogether,EfillingEinEallEtheElittleEcracks
-moreEcementE=ElessEporosity
permeabilityE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
whetherEorEnotEtheEmaterialEletsEwaterEthrough,EhowEeasyEwaterEwillEflowEthroughEmaterial
WaterETableE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-theElevelEwhereEyouEgoEfromEsaturatedEtoEunsaturated
AquiferE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-anyElayerEofEmaterialEthatEcontainsEaEusableEwaterEsupply
-belowEtheEwaterEtable
-recoverEforEhumanEuseEviaEwells
typesEofEaquifersE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-unconfined
confined
perched
,unconfinedE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
thereEisEnothingEaboveEyourEaquiferEthatEisEgoingEtoErestrictEtheEwater
aquitardE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-confiningElayerEbelowEtheEunconfinedEaquifer,EveryEimpermeable
confinedE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
aquitardEaboveEandEbelowE("sandwiched"),EmakesEitEcomplicatedEbcEwaterEcantEsoakEdownEintoEa
quiferEtoEreplenish
artesianEwellE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
theEideaEthatEtheEwaterEpressureEinEtheEconfinedEaquiferEwillEpushEtheEwaterEupEforEyou
-youEneedEtheEwaterEtableEtoEbeEshovedEupEintoEaEhillside/elevatedE-->EcreatesEaEtonEofEpressure
PerchedE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-smallerEonesEthatEdevelopEinEaEhillside
-imperviousElayerEhalfwayEdownEtheEhill,EsoEwaterEgetsEstuckEonEtop
-relativelyEsmall,EprettyEadvantageousEbcEitEgivesEyouEaEsecondEwaterEsource
RechargeE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-howEmuchEwaterEflowsEbackEintoEtheEaquifer
DischargeE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-howEmuchEwaterEflowsEoutEofEtheEaquifer,EpumpingEorEflowing
ifErechargeE>EdischargeE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-waterEtableErises
overdraftingE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-losingEwaterEsupply,EtakingEoutEaElot,EnotEenoughEbackEin
ifErechargeE<EdischargeE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-overdrafting
, coneEofEdepressionE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
depressingElevelEofEwaterEtableEaroundEtheEwellEdueEtoEfastEpumping
-whenEtheEtipEofEtheEconeEgetsEbelowEtheEwell,EitEwon'tEworkEanymore
-pumpingEatEaEslowerErateEwillEfixEthisEissue
subsidenceE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
groundsinkingEaboveEaquifer,EsedimentsEtrickleEdownEintoEporeEspace,EblocksEwater
-
almostEimpossibleEtoEreverseEtheEproblemEbcEporosityEisEgoneEandEwaterEcanEnoElongerEinfiltrateEt
heEwell
salinityEcontaminationE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-saltEwaterEcontaminationEinEaquifer
-theEmoreEyouEpumpEfromEtheEaquifer,EtheEmoreEsaltEcanEgetEin
desalinizationE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
processEforEsuckingEsaltEbackEoutEofEwater,EtreatingEit,EandEthenEfilteringE(COSTLY!!!)
GroundEwaterEmovementE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
typicallyEmovesEveryEslowlyE(sometimesEmeasureEinEcmEperEday)
-good:EwaterEdoesn'tErapidlyEflowEawayEfromEyourEwellE
bad:EifEcontaminated,Eit'llEbeEthereEforEaEwhile
groundwaterEcarriesEdissolvedEsubstancesE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-CO2EandESO2
-theseEdissolveEcarbonateErocks
-causesEaElotEofEsinkEholes
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
Groundwater:EwhyEshouldEweEcare?E-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
YOUEMUSTEhaveEthisEresourceEtoEsurvive
hydrologicEcycleE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-oceanE=EbiggestEreservoirE(1,000,000Eunits)
2ndElargestE=EglacierE(26000Eunits)
3rdElargestE=EgroundEwaterE(15000Eunits)
runoffE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
waterEthatErunsEacrossEtheElandscapeEandEeventuallyEendsEupEinEaEriverEorEstreamEandEcontinuesEt
oEmoveEdownstream
infiltrationE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-waterEsoaksEINTOEground,EbecomesEpartEofEgroundEwaterEsupply
porosityE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
TheEpercentageEofEtheEtotalEvolumeEofEaErockEorEsedimentEthatEconsistsEofEopenEspaces
TypesEofEporesE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-IntergranularEPores
Fractures
Vugs
IntergranularEPoresE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-"betweenEgrains"
openEspacesEinEbetweenEparticles
-MOSTEgroundwaterEisEstoredEhere
FracturesE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
rocksEhaveElotsEofEcracks,EtheyEcanEbeEpathwaysEforEwaterEorEwaterEcanEbuildEupEinEthem
,vugsE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-openingEinEtheErock,ElikeEaEbigEhole
-*cavesEareEbasicallyEbigEvugs*
-notEveryEcommon
WellEsortedE=E-ECORRECTEANSWERE-highEporosity
poorlyEsortedE=E-ECORRECTEANSWERE-lowEporosity
cementationE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
naturalEcementEtoEglueEtheEparticlesEtogether,EfillingEinEallEtheElittleEcracks
-moreEcementE=ElessEporosity
permeabilityE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
whetherEorEnotEtheEmaterialEletsEwaterEthrough,EhowEeasyEwaterEwillEflowEthroughEmaterial
WaterETableE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-theElevelEwhereEyouEgoEfromEsaturatedEtoEunsaturated
AquiferE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-anyElayerEofEmaterialEthatEcontainsEaEusableEwaterEsupply
-belowEtheEwaterEtable
-recoverEforEhumanEuseEviaEwells
typesEofEaquifersE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-unconfined
confined
perched
,unconfinedE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
thereEisEnothingEaboveEyourEaquiferEthatEisEgoingEtoErestrictEtheEwater
aquitardE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-confiningElayerEbelowEtheEunconfinedEaquifer,EveryEimpermeable
confinedE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
aquitardEaboveEandEbelowE("sandwiched"),EmakesEitEcomplicatedEbcEwaterEcantEsoakEdownEintoEa
quiferEtoEreplenish
artesianEwellE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
theEideaEthatEtheEwaterEpressureEinEtheEconfinedEaquiferEwillEpushEtheEwaterEupEforEyou
-youEneedEtheEwaterEtableEtoEbeEshovedEupEintoEaEhillside/elevatedE-->EcreatesEaEtonEofEpressure
PerchedE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-smallerEonesEthatEdevelopEinEaEhillside
-imperviousElayerEhalfwayEdownEtheEhill,EsoEwaterEgetsEstuckEonEtop
-relativelyEsmall,EprettyEadvantageousEbcEitEgivesEyouEaEsecondEwaterEsource
RechargeE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-howEmuchEwaterEflowsEbackEintoEtheEaquifer
DischargeE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-howEmuchEwaterEflowsEoutEofEtheEaquifer,EpumpingEorEflowing
ifErechargeE>EdischargeE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-waterEtableErises
overdraftingE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-losingEwaterEsupply,EtakingEoutEaElot,EnotEenoughEbackEin
ifErechargeE<EdischargeE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-overdrafting
, coneEofEdepressionE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
depressingElevelEofEwaterEtableEaroundEtheEwellEdueEtoEfastEpumping
-whenEtheEtipEofEtheEconeEgetsEbelowEtheEwell,EitEwon'tEworkEanymore
-pumpingEatEaEslowerErateEwillEfixEthisEissue
subsidenceE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
groundsinkingEaboveEaquifer,EsedimentsEtrickleEdownEintoEporeEspace,EblocksEwater
-
almostEimpossibleEtoEreverseEtheEproblemEbcEporosityEisEgoneEandEwaterEcanEnoElongerEinfiltrateEt
heEwell
salinityEcontaminationE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-saltEwaterEcontaminationEinEaquifer
-theEmoreEyouEpumpEfromEtheEaquifer,EtheEmoreEsaltEcanEgetEin
desalinizationE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
processEforEsuckingEsaltEbackEoutEofEwater,EtreatingEit,EandEthenEfilteringE(COSTLY!!!)
GroundEwaterEmovementE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-
typicallyEmovesEveryEslowlyE(sometimesEmeasureEinEcmEperEday)
-good:EwaterEdoesn'tErapidlyEflowEawayEfromEyourEwellE
bad:EifEcontaminated,Eit'llEbeEthereEforEaEwhile
groundwaterEcarriesEdissolvedEsubstancesE-ECORRECTEANSWERE-CO2EandESO2
-theseEdissolveEcarbonateErocks
-causesEaElotEofEsinkEholes