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Exam 2 content overview

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These notes overview a variety of reactions regarding oxidation and reduction, vit K, pyruvate, ATP, enzyme reactions and more. They are step by step in many processes needed for understanding biology/chemistry like citric acid cycle and catabolism.

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~ Merrifield resins NCB250 - exam
7-9pm
↳ MF how to remove
friday
is
no class



other resin
~
any
↳ +FA




· ·
-be benzene
rings but
Shown
not




merrifield



-
Chapter 23-COENZYMEs



provide side chain
proteins for
-




substrate recognition, general
acid/base metal ions




3
is cofactor that vitamins
coenzyme a

molecule
is an organic



"cofactor"- > this can be a metal

or molecule
ion
organic



- used in stoichiometric
amounts
or catalytic


are vitamins
-
many coenzymes
or formed from vitamens




in organic chemistry

>
- reduction is addition of M2 or
-


removal of O



addition of 0 or
- oxidation is
-


removal of H2




1
-
- Coxidation)


CJH , 2 CHG



OH
-


M >
- M
-
Coxidation)
-
↳ Hiz CH , 20




17 >
- m Creduction)
V

GH12 G +, y


H
Chydration)

=
~
Gor
neither

, Oxidation States


of carbon




reduction Oxidation
- -
-
4 -
2
O + 2 + 4
H H
I
Hz H2
↳-




V -O +
H C : C 0
q
c
CL

H & c - 0 =
·
-> =
- -
: = o
Gr

I

↓ H20 ↓ 10

It H



Hz0
mo
O
i
i It
H - H
40 -
c -
on

CHzOH
-
n

↓ 10
n


↓ 120 ↓ H20
H c
H
No-on
e
Oh
-
-




One di
on
Formaldehyde
m
hydrate unstable




added
in bioorganic chemistry , He can be in 2
ways



1) add "H-" the +
,



.
2 ) e-
,
H
+, e, M
+
(giving 2e- & 2M)




H
no source




m
Nat



eqir :

nature




Ri
O
NH2
T ~
OH -


-N/
NI COT IN AMIDE
Niacin
NICOTINAMIDE
NICOTINIC ACID -




tn
G
ADENINE

&atte
-




DINUCLEOTIDE I




timnicotinamide
/
- -


>
-
① ↳
O
NADH




Briti
O
II coxidized Creduced


·
Go P
-
version ( version)
&
00 = p
omig
malate


= -


& NAD
dehydrogenase
NAD +
I ↓ NAD
+


no o H =

MALATE oxaloacetate
-
+ Ht


3-on
y


S
= NAP


contr

, malate

E O
O It
u0
I Non B

M


O




M
oxalo acetate
wi
⑦ O
>
-
o
II


0 !
NADT
19
MINNE
/

NADH




exchanging
removing
m
&
this
S oh glyceraldehyde
G
It
i
↑ ?
P
ope >
- HO
-
I - - 2 -





3-phosphate-dehydrogenase OPz
I O
11
g

NADT %0-p-OH
,
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
de
1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate
+ NADH + H

Document information

Uploaded on
February 21, 2025
Number of pages
18
Written in
2023/2024
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Santos
Contains
Bioorganic chemistry
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