©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:27PM. A+
Biol 1500 Exam 2 Questions And Answers
|Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
Basic features of a cell - Answer✔plasm membrane; cytosol; chromosomes; ribosomes
describe prokaryotic cells - Answer✔no nucleus; DNA in nucleoid; no membrane-bound
organelles
describe eukaryotic cells - Answer✔DNA in nucleus; membrane-bound organelles; cytoplasm in
region between plasma and nucleus
describe plasma membrane - Answer✔selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of
oxygen, nutrients, and wastes
describe nuclear envelope - Answer✔encloses nucleus; double membraned
ribosomes - Answer✔build proteins either in cytosol or outside of ER
endomembrane system - Answer✔consists of nuclear envelope, ER, golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles,
and plasma membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - Answer✔detoxifies drugs and poisons; synthesizes lipids;
stores calcium ions
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answer✔studded with ribosomes that secrete glycoproteins;
distribute transport vesicles
Golgi apparatus - Answer✔modifies products of ER; sorts and packages materiels
Lysosomes - Answer✔digest macromolecules; work best in acidic environments
What is phagocytosis? - Answer✔Cell eating
What are vacuoles? - Answer✔large vesicles derived from the ER and Golgi apparatus
What are food vacuoles? - Answer✔associated with food digestion
1|Page
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:27PM. A+
what are contractile vacuoles? - Answer✔found in many freshwater protists, pump excess
water out of cells
what are central vacuoles? - Answer✔found in many mature plant cells, hold organic
compounds and water
Mitochondria - Answer✔sites of cellular respiration which generates ATP
what led to the endosymbiont theory? - Answer✔mitochondria and chloroplasts similarities
with bacteria
What is the endosymbiotic theory? - Answer✔early ancestor of eukaryotes engulfed an oxygen-
using non-photosynthetic prokaryotic cells
What are thylakoids? - Answer✔saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts
what is stroma - Answer✔fluid inside chloroplast
What are peroxisomes? - Answer✔specialized metabolic compartments bounded by a single
membrane
function of peroxisomes - Answer✔break down fatty acids; enzymes remove hydrogen and
transfer them to oxygen
function of cytoskeleton - Answer✔Helps cell maintain shape and helps the cell move
function of microtubules - Answer✔Shaping the cell;
Guiding movement of organelles;
Separating chromosomes during cell division
What are centrosomes? - Answer✔Microtubule-organizing centers that help to form and
organize the mitotic spindle during mitosis
What are centrioles? - Answer✔Centrioles help organize cell division and are formed from
tubulin and located near the nucleus.
What are microfilaments? - Answer✔threadlike structures made up of a protein called actin
function of microfilaments - Answer✔assist with cell movement
describe primary cell wall - Answer✔relatively thin and flexible
describe function of middle lamella - Answer✔Cements adjoining cells together using pectin-
needed for stability
function of secondary cell wall - Answer✔Adds strength
2|Page
Biol 1500 Exam 2 Questions And Answers
|Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
Basic features of a cell - Answer✔plasm membrane; cytosol; chromosomes; ribosomes
describe prokaryotic cells - Answer✔no nucleus; DNA in nucleoid; no membrane-bound
organelles
describe eukaryotic cells - Answer✔DNA in nucleus; membrane-bound organelles; cytoplasm in
region between plasma and nucleus
describe plasma membrane - Answer✔selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of
oxygen, nutrients, and wastes
describe nuclear envelope - Answer✔encloses nucleus; double membraned
ribosomes - Answer✔build proteins either in cytosol or outside of ER
endomembrane system - Answer✔consists of nuclear envelope, ER, golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles,
and plasma membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - Answer✔detoxifies drugs and poisons; synthesizes lipids;
stores calcium ions
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answer✔studded with ribosomes that secrete glycoproteins;
distribute transport vesicles
Golgi apparatus - Answer✔modifies products of ER; sorts and packages materiels
Lysosomes - Answer✔digest macromolecules; work best in acidic environments
What is phagocytosis? - Answer✔Cell eating
What are vacuoles? - Answer✔large vesicles derived from the ER and Golgi apparatus
What are food vacuoles? - Answer✔associated with food digestion
1|Page
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:27PM. A+
what are contractile vacuoles? - Answer✔found in many freshwater protists, pump excess
water out of cells
what are central vacuoles? - Answer✔found in many mature plant cells, hold organic
compounds and water
Mitochondria - Answer✔sites of cellular respiration which generates ATP
what led to the endosymbiont theory? - Answer✔mitochondria and chloroplasts similarities
with bacteria
What is the endosymbiotic theory? - Answer✔early ancestor of eukaryotes engulfed an oxygen-
using non-photosynthetic prokaryotic cells
What are thylakoids? - Answer✔saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts
what is stroma - Answer✔fluid inside chloroplast
What are peroxisomes? - Answer✔specialized metabolic compartments bounded by a single
membrane
function of peroxisomes - Answer✔break down fatty acids; enzymes remove hydrogen and
transfer them to oxygen
function of cytoskeleton - Answer✔Helps cell maintain shape and helps the cell move
function of microtubules - Answer✔Shaping the cell;
Guiding movement of organelles;
Separating chromosomes during cell division
What are centrosomes? - Answer✔Microtubule-organizing centers that help to form and
organize the mitotic spindle during mitosis
What are centrioles? - Answer✔Centrioles help organize cell division and are formed from
tubulin and located near the nucleus.
What are microfilaments? - Answer✔threadlike structures made up of a protein called actin
function of microfilaments - Answer✔assist with cell movement
describe primary cell wall - Answer✔relatively thin and flexible
describe function of middle lamella - Answer✔Cements adjoining cells together using pectin-
needed for stability
function of secondary cell wall - Answer✔Adds strength
2|Page
