351 Exam 2 Brick, Masonry, CMU questions and answers already graded A+

Masonry modular units to facilitate stacking Mortar Functions Bonds masonry units together and seals spaces in between, compensates for dimensional variation in the masonry unit and creates a decorative effect on wall surface Traditional Lime Mortar A low strength materials that doesn't bond excessively with masonry units Modern Masonry Mortar has a dense crystalline structure that becomes water insoluble once the hydraulic cement hardens within it Traditional Lime Mortar Ingredients Hydrated Lime, Sand and Water Modern Masonry Mortar Ingredients Lime, Sand, Water, Portland cement, hydraulic admixtures, workability agents, pigmented colorants, extenders Premixed Masonry Mortar can be delivered to the job site either bagged (add water) or in elevated hoppers Mortar Strength Types Type M Type S Type N Type O Type K Type M: Mortar high strength, low workability best used for below grade masonry work Type S: Mortar high flexural bond strength used for exterior reinforced masonry Type N: Mortar most common type good strength, good workability Type O: Mortar low strength used for interior non load bearing walls Type K: Mortar very low strength used for historic preservation projects Mortar Process fully load trowel with mortar and spread from LEFT to RIGHT 3-5 bricks at a time Mortar Joint Types concave joints, weathered joint, flush joint, raked joint Concave Mortar Joint joint is forced by the used of a steel jointing tool used for resisting rain penetration Weathered Mortar Joint requires tentative care, must be worked from below sheds water rapidly Flushed Mortar Joint simplest joint for the mason it is an uncompacted joint and is not always watertight Raked Mortar Joint made by removing the surface of the mortar while it is still soft difficult to make weather tight Mortar Admixtures Set accelerator, Set retarders and Integral water repellents Set accelerator help keep mortar from freezing in cold conditions Set retarder keep mortar from hydrating too quickly Integral water repellent helps keep masonry walls more watertight and reduces efflorescence Efflorescence staining that forms on walls when excess moisture carries minerals to the wall surface Hydration a series of chemical reactions between water, cement and lime that lead to hardening of the masonry units Carbonation mortar curing method involving a reaction with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere types of masonry units stone, brick, cmus, terra-cotta, clay tile Masonry Assembly made up of small piece traditionally stacked in load bearing fashion as composite bearing wall assembly Veneer Application masonry units stacked and intended to be non load bearing reinforcing masonry types steel ties, steel lintels, steel reinforcing load bearing masonry vs. masonry veneers both include vertical layer of masonry (the wythe) and horizontal layers (course) Load bearing masonry types composite (solid) wall or cavity wall solid wall masonry alternating pattern of long and short bricks, they also have headers light gauge steel framing serve as backup for non load bearing finish assemblies, steel studs form part of a cavity wall veneers and applied finishes thin sheets of stone using synthetic materials or typically adhered with glue to substrate such as plywood or drywall unreinforced masonry reliers on the forces of gravity and friction and the cohesive strength of the mortar for strength and stability reinforced masonry relies on tensile strength provided by steel rods, and dowels as well as gravity, friction and mortar strength spalling crumbling or flaking of masonry surface due to the moisture inside the wall typically seen in freeze thaw environments metal flashing prevents water from leaking into the walls vulnerable locations like edges, sills and corners metal flashing types self adhered flashing formable flashing manufactured flashing differential settlement can cause heaving and destroy masonry assemblies sandblasting abrasive process that removes layers of paint or other finishes of masonry, which can lead to permanent damage (pitting and scarring) clay A fine grained soil material containing clay minerals shale laminated harden rock formed largely from clay molds traditional brick making is accomplished by packing mud or clay into a this traditional brick sunbaked to create a hard, dense material largest brick manufacturing countries 1. china 2. spain 3. india Chinese Brick Fabrication Techniques Hand crafting Industrial techniques Modern robotics Hebron Brick Company the only brick manufacturer in North Dakota Is brick Modular? yes, it is extremely modular but you have to adapt the control layers with the change to keep the building protected from the elements Most Common Brick Size Modular Brick (3 5/8" x 2 1/4" x 7 5/8") Utility Brick Larger brick used mostly for develop project, requires more labor but goes up faster than smaller brick Types of Brick Orientation Stretcher, header, shiner, rowlock, soldier, sailor Types of Brick Stacking (bond pattern) Running, Common(American), flemish, English, stack, English cross (dutch) bond pattern indicates wether a brick wall is more than one wythe in thickness single wythe bond walls running, stack