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Bio 1500 test 3 (schul) Exam Questions And
Answers |Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
Describe an effective experimental design to determine whether an environmental variable
imposes selection on a trait - Answer✔- control constants (temperature, environment, food,
etc.)
- manipulate independent variable(s)
- record dependent variable(s)
- keep control group
Recognize the potential of natural selection to cause dramatic changes in phenotype, e.g. body
size. - Answer✔1. Phenotypes are a variable in population
2. Offspring have the same/similar phenotype as parents (phenotype is heritable)
3. Survival and reproduction depends on this phenotype
4. Future generation: genetic composition of population changes
Natural Selection - Answer✔One of several "mechanisms of evolution." A "mechanism of
evolution" are processes that cause allele frequency to change.
Population - Answer✔group of individuals that interbreed and reproduce
Phenotype - Answer✔observable traits
Fitness - Answer✔ability to survive and reproduce in an environment
Adaptation - Answer✔trait that increases fitness of an individual with this trait relative to
others without it.
Carbohydrates - Answer✔- Building Block: monosaccharides (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) -
Monosaccharides: glucose, galactose, fructose
- Disaccharides: lactose, maltose, sucrose
-Polysaccharides: cellulose, glycogen, starch, chitin
Proteins - Answer✔BB: amino acids
1|Page
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:27PM. A+
Linked by peptide bonds → long amino acid chain = polypeptide
Lipids - Answer✔- BB: fatty acids and glycerol
-Fats and oils - saturated (solid at room temp; max H+ bond) vs unsaturated (oil/liq): Trans Fats
(hydrogenated PB), omega fatty acids (salmon)
-Waxes
-Phospholipids: Make cellular membranes
-Steroids: Cholesterol; Sterols in plants
Nucleic Acid - Answer✔BB: nucleotides
- DNA & RNA
Relationship between the terms monomer and polymer - Answer✔Monomers bond to form
larger molecules called polymers. A monomer is a single, small molecule, or molecular
fragment.
Hydrolysis - Answer✔Breaks down polymers
-Adds H2O
-Facilitated by enzymes (proteins)
Dehydration - Answer✔Strings monomers together
-removes H2O
Prokaryotes - Answer✔- single celled organisms with no membrane bound organelles. -DNA is
in an unenclosed nucleoid
-Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes.
Eukaryotes - Answer✔- have membrane-bound organelles and DNA is located in the nucleus
-Have cytoplasm, which have cytosol and other organelles.
Plant - Answer✔Cell Wall, chloroplasts, plasmodesmata, and plastids used for storage, and a
large central vacuole
Animal - Answer✔Centrioles, Centrosomes, Lysosomes
Cell Wall - Answer✔rigid cell covering comprised of various molecules that protects the cell,
provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell
Plasma Membrane - Answer✔phospholipid bilayer with embedded (integral) or attached
(peripheral) proteins, and separates the cell's internal content from its surrounding
environment
2|Page
Bio 1500 test 3 (schul) Exam Questions And
Answers |Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
Describe an effective experimental design to determine whether an environmental variable
imposes selection on a trait - Answer✔- control constants (temperature, environment, food,
etc.)
- manipulate independent variable(s)
- record dependent variable(s)
- keep control group
Recognize the potential of natural selection to cause dramatic changes in phenotype, e.g. body
size. - Answer✔1. Phenotypes are a variable in population
2. Offspring have the same/similar phenotype as parents (phenotype is heritable)
3. Survival and reproduction depends on this phenotype
4. Future generation: genetic composition of population changes
Natural Selection - Answer✔One of several "mechanisms of evolution." A "mechanism of
evolution" are processes that cause allele frequency to change.
Population - Answer✔group of individuals that interbreed and reproduce
Phenotype - Answer✔observable traits
Fitness - Answer✔ability to survive and reproduce in an environment
Adaptation - Answer✔trait that increases fitness of an individual with this trait relative to
others without it.
Carbohydrates - Answer✔- Building Block: monosaccharides (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) -
Monosaccharides: glucose, galactose, fructose
- Disaccharides: lactose, maltose, sucrose
-Polysaccharides: cellulose, glycogen, starch, chitin
Proteins - Answer✔BB: amino acids
1|Page
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:27PM. A+
Linked by peptide bonds → long amino acid chain = polypeptide
Lipids - Answer✔- BB: fatty acids and glycerol
-Fats and oils - saturated (solid at room temp; max H+ bond) vs unsaturated (oil/liq): Trans Fats
(hydrogenated PB), omega fatty acids (salmon)
-Waxes
-Phospholipids: Make cellular membranes
-Steroids: Cholesterol; Sterols in plants
Nucleic Acid - Answer✔BB: nucleotides
- DNA & RNA
Relationship between the terms monomer and polymer - Answer✔Monomers bond to form
larger molecules called polymers. A monomer is a single, small molecule, or molecular
fragment.
Hydrolysis - Answer✔Breaks down polymers
-Adds H2O
-Facilitated by enzymes (proteins)
Dehydration - Answer✔Strings monomers together
-removes H2O
Prokaryotes - Answer✔- single celled organisms with no membrane bound organelles. -DNA is
in an unenclosed nucleoid
-Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes.
Eukaryotes - Answer✔- have membrane-bound organelles and DNA is located in the nucleus
-Have cytoplasm, which have cytosol and other organelles.
Plant - Answer✔Cell Wall, chloroplasts, plasmodesmata, and plastids used for storage, and a
large central vacuole
Animal - Answer✔Centrioles, Centrosomes, Lysosomes
Cell Wall - Answer✔rigid cell covering comprised of various molecules that protects the cell,
provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell
Plasma Membrane - Answer✔phospholipid bilayer with embedded (integral) or attached
(peripheral) proteins, and separates the cell's internal content from its surrounding
environment
2|Page
