WGU D313 - Anatomy and Physiology 2 -
Urinary System Questions and Answers
Active Transport the process of moving molecules across a cellular membrane through the
use of cellular energy, from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration -
against the concentration gradient
Passive Transport a type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move
substances across cell membranes
Carrier Proteins a type of cell membrane protein involved in facilitated diffusion and
active transport of substances out of or into the cell
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular
level; the structure of ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of a nitrogenous base
(adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups
Simple Diffusion a form of diffusion that does not require the assistance of membrane
proteins; in essence, the particle or substance moves from higher to lower concentration.
however, its movement does not need a membrane protein that will help substances to move
downhill
Osmosis the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water potential to a region of low water
potential, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides
, Tubular Secretion the transfer of materials from peritubular capillaries to the renal tubular
lumen; it is the opposite process of reabsorption
Secretion a process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland,
or organ
Endocytosis the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to
form a vacuole
Loop of Henle long U-shaped portion of the tubule that conducts urine within each
nephron of the kidney
Aquaporin-1 a protein that in humans in encoded by the AQP1 gene; AQP1 is widely
expressed water channel whose physiological function has been most thoroughly characterized in
the kidney
Antidiuretic Hormone hormone secreted by hypothalamus that helps in regulating
reabsorption of water
Glomeruli blood vessels that filter waste and extra fluids from blood
Renal Regulation the internal mechanisms of the kidney that help maintain constant GFR
Urinary System Questions and Answers
Active Transport the process of moving molecules across a cellular membrane through the
use of cellular energy, from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration -
against the concentration gradient
Passive Transport a type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move
substances across cell membranes
Carrier Proteins a type of cell membrane protein involved in facilitated diffusion and
active transport of substances out of or into the cell
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular
level; the structure of ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of a nitrogenous base
(adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups
Simple Diffusion a form of diffusion that does not require the assistance of membrane
proteins; in essence, the particle or substance moves from higher to lower concentration.
however, its movement does not need a membrane protein that will help substances to move
downhill
Osmosis the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water potential to a region of low water
potential, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides
, Tubular Secretion the transfer of materials from peritubular capillaries to the renal tubular
lumen; it is the opposite process of reabsorption
Secretion a process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland,
or organ
Endocytosis the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to
form a vacuole
Loop of Henle long U-shaped portion of the tubule that conducts urine within each
nephron of the kidney
Aquaporin-1 a protein that in humans in encoded by the AQP1 gene; AQP1 is widely
expressed water channel whose physiological function has been most thoroughly characterized in
the kidney
Antidiuretic Hormone hormone secreted by hypothalamus that helps in regulating
reabsorption of water
Glomeruli blood vessels that filter waste and extra fluids from blood
Renal Regulation the internal mechanisms of the kidney that help maintain constant GFR
